里约奥运周期中外优秀运动员单杠难度水平对比分析
发布时间：2019-04-27 06:10
【摘要】：本研究从难度动作水平切入,采用文献资料、录像观察、专家访谈、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,对里约奥运周期第45、46届世界体操世锦赛、第31届奥运会单杠决赛国外运动员和中国男团决赛运动员的成套难度动作进行对比分析,找出我国单杠发展面临的问题,并提出解决办法,为我国单杠的训练提供信息参考。通过对比分析、逻辑推理和归纳总结得出以下结论:(1)关于2013版男子竞技体操评分规则单杠的主要变化,1)难度数量方面:由122个增加到了144个,其中飞行动作增加了4个,扭臂握及背对杠完成的动作减少了2个。2)连接加分变化方面:增加了飞行动作(C+C)0.1分的直接连接,杠上动作(D组及以上)+飞行动作(D组及以上)连接加分由0.2减至0.1分,增加了杠上动作(D组及以上)+飞行动作(C)0.1的加分。3)特殊扣分变化方面:限制运动员使用中穿类动作次数,超过2次所完成的该类第2个动作将被视为无效且面临0.3-0.5的扣分。(2)关于中外优秀运动员单杠成套结构对比分析,国外顶尖单杠优秀运动员的动作编排主要体现于高难飞行动作之间的直接连接;我国顶尖单杠优秀运动员的成套动作编排紧紧围绕“杠上+飞行”连接加分模式展开,鲜有大空翻的编排,没有飞行动作之间的直接连接,动作难度适中。中外优秀运动员下法差别不大,以后直2周转体720°为主。(3)关于中外优秀运动员难度水平对比,1)单个难度方面:悬垂摆动动作难度我国处于领先;飞行动作难度水平我国明显低于国外优秀运动员;近杠动作和下法难度中外优秀运动员水平相当;扭臂握或后悬垂及背对杠完成的动作中外水平相当。2)连接技术对比方面:“杠上+飞行”中外优秀运动员水平相当;“飞行+飞行”中国优秀运动员水平明显低于国外优秀运动员;“飞行+杠上”中外发展水平都比较低。3)最高10个有效难度动作整体水平我国优秀运动员要高于国外优秀运动员。(4)动作难度水平世界领先,“杠上+飞行”连接富有创新;单个飞行动作难度较低,“飞行+飞行”连接发展明显滞后。由此提出以下建议:(1)教练员和运动员从规则入手,加大对规则的研究力度。(2)发展E组以上飞行动作及连接,既能提高单杠的整体难度分,还能促进“飞行+飞行”连接技术的发展和我国单杠项目水平的提高。(3)提升高难动作的科学化训练水平,积极引进国外先进的训练方法和手段。
[Abstract]:Using the methods of literature, video observation, expert interview, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, the 45th and 46th World Gymnastics World Championships in Rio Olympic cycle were studied in this study, using the methods of literature, video observation, expert interviews, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. The difficulty movements of foreign athletes and Chinese men's team finalists in the 31st Olympic Games are compared and analyzed, the problems faced by the development of Chinese parallel bars are found out, and the solutions are put forward to provide information reference for the training of Chinese parallel bars. Through comparative analysis, logical reasoning and summing up the following conclusions: (1) on the 2013 edition of the men's competitive gymnastics scoring rules of the main changes in parallel bars, 1) the number of difficulties: from 122to 144, Among them, the flight movement increased by 4, the twist arm grip and the back-to-back bar reduced by 2. 2) the connection plus change aspect: increased the direct connection of the flight action (C C) 0.1 points, Upper bar movement (group D and above) flying action (group D and above) join plus point reduced from 0.2 to 0.1 points, The addition of the flying action (C) 0.1 on the bar (group D and above) has been increased. 3) the change of special deduction points: limiting the number of times of the athletes' use of the middle-and-through-class movement; The second action, which has been completed more than two times, will be considered invalid and will face a 0.3-0.5 deduction. (2) A comparative analysis of the complete set of Chinese and foreign elite athletes' horizontal bars. The movement arrangement of the top foreign elite horizontal bar athletes is mainly reflected in the direct connection between the high difficulty flight movements; The complete set of movement arrangement of elite athletes of our country's top horizontal bars closely revolves around the "flying on the bar" connection plus score mode, few of them have the arrangement of large somersault, there is no direct connection between the flying movements, and the movement difficulty is moderate. There is little difference between Chinese and foreign elite athletes in the following way. (3) on the comparison of the difficulty level between Chinese and foreign elite athletes, 1) single difficulty aspect: our country is in the leading position in the difficulty of dangling swing movement; The difficulty level of flying movement in our country is obviously lower than that of foreign elite athletes, and the level of near bar movement is the same as that of Chinese and foreign elite athletes. Twist arm grip or rear drape and back-to-back bar complete the same Chinese and foreign level of action. 2) connection technology comparison: "flying on the bar" the level of outstanding athletes at home and abroad is the same; The level of "flying" Chinese elite athletes is obviously lower than that of foreign excellent athletes; The development level of "flying bars" is relatively low at home and abroad. 3) the overall level of the highest 10 effective difficult movements is higher than that of foreign elite athletes. (4) the level of movement difficulty is leading in the world. The "flying on the bar" connection is innovative; The difficulty of single flight movement is low, and the development of "flying flight" connection is obviously lagged behind. The following suggestions are put forward: (1) starting with the rules, the coaches and athletes should strengthen the study of the rules. (2) the development of flying movements and connections above group E can not only improve the overall difficulty score of the parallel bars, but also improve the overall difficulty score of the horizontal bars. It can also promote the development of the "flying flight" connection technology and the improvement of the horizontal bar project level in our country. (3) raise the scientific training level of high difficulty movement, and actively introduce advanced training methods and means from abroad.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G832.3
本文编号：2466751
[Abstract]:Using the methods of literature, video observation, expert interview, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, the 45th and 46th World Gymnastics World Championships in Rio Olympic cycle were studied in this study, using the methods of literature, video observation, expert interviews, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. The difficulty movements of foreign athletes and Chinese men's team finalists in the 31st Olympic Games are compared and analyzed, the problems faced by the development of Chinese parallel bars are found out, and the solutions are put forward to provide information reference for the training of Chinese parallel bars. Through comparative analysis, logical reasoning and summing up the following conclusions: (1) on the 2013 edition of the men's competitive gymnastics scoring rules of the main changes in parallel bars, 1) the number of difficulties: from 122to 144, Among them, the flight movement increased by 4, the twist arm grip and the back-to-back bar reduced by 2. 2) the connection plus change aspect: increased the direct connection of the flight action (C C) 0.1 points, Upper bar movement (group D and above) flying action (group D and above) join plus point reduced from 0.2 to 0.1 points, The addition of the flying action (C) 0.1 on the bar (group D and above) has been increased. 3) the change of special deduction points: limiting the number of times of the athletes' use of the middle-and-through-class movement; The second action, which has been completed more than two times, will be considered invalid and will face a 0.3-0.5 deduction. (2) A comparative analysis of the complete set of Chinese and foreign elite athletes' horizontal bars. The movement arrangement of the top foreign elite horizontal bar athletes is mainly reflected in the direct connection between the high difficulty flight movements; The complete set of movement arrangement of elite athletes of our country's top horizontal bars closely revolves around the "flying on the bar" connection plus score mode, few of them have the arrangement of large somersault, there is no direct connection between the flying movements, and the movement difficulty is moderate. There is little difference between Chinese and foreign elite athletes in the following way. (3) on the comparison of the difficulty level between Chinese and foreign elite athletes, 1) single difficulty aspect: our country is in the leading position in the difficulty of dangling swing movement; The difficulty level of flying movement in our country is obviously lower than that of foreign elite athletes, and the level of near bar movement is the same as that of Chinese and foreign elite athletes. Twist arm grip or rear drape and back-to-back bar complete the same Chinese and foreign level of action. 2) connection technology comparison: "flying on the bar" the level of outstanding athletes at home and abroad is the same; The level of "flying" Chinese elite athletes is obviously lower than that of foreign excellent athletes; The development level of "flying bars" is relatively low at home and abroad. 3) the overall level of the highest 10 effective difficult movements is higher than that of foreign elite athletes. (4) the level of movement difficulty is leading in the world. The "flying on the bar" connection is innovative; The difficulty of single flight movement is low, and the development of "flying flight" connection is obviously lagged behind. The following suggestions are put forward: (1) starting with the rules, the coaches and athletes should strengthen the study of the rules. (2) the development of flying movements and connections above group E can not only improve the overall difficulty score of the parallel bars, but also improve the overall difficulty score of the horizontal bars. It can also promote the development of the "flying flight" connection technology and the improvement of the horizontal bar project level in our country. (3) raise the scientific training level of high difficulty movement, and actively introduce advanced training methods and means from abroad.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G832.3
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