定向运动识图技能有效性实验研究

发布时间：2019-04-30 07:44

【摘要】：定向运动识图技能在定向运动比赛中是非常重要的运动能力,运动员比赛的成绩以及比赛时的发挥受到运动员识图技能好坏的影响。目前我国定向运动训练的队伍和定向运动开展的单位,在识图技能训练方法手段方面比较单一,而在国外的一些定向运动俱乐部中,管理人员对定向运动员的训练、测试和数据收集分析,已经进入心理研究层次了,他们在比赛后和训练后的数据收集分析更加完善和全面。通过对定向运动试图技能的有效性研究目的在于从事定向运动的爱好者能够对定向运动识图技能有更加深刻的认识,掌握并运用识图技能提高自身的技能水平,同时能够对定向运动识图技能有更多创新型的技能训练方法,也能启发更多的人投入到定向运动中来,能够对识图技能有新的认识,对此项运动充满兴趣与热爱。本研究采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、专家访谈法、数理统计法和实验对比法,分析已有的训练方式方法和自创的训练手段,运用新的训练方法和数据收集方法对在校的30名定向运动员进行测试。在这些训练方法运用之前,他们以前没有使用过这些方法来训练识图技能,并对这些训练手段的有效性和合理性进行判定,实验后得到以下结论:定向运动识图技能训练方法对定向运动员技能训练上更具有针对性。定向运动识图技能在训练的时候,需要针对运动员的某一专项能力,比如地图比例尺运用、百米定向训练运动员转图、打点连贯性、地图记忆等进行专项训练。定向运动识图技能训练方法在运动员训练方法更具有多样性。定向运动比赛项目分为:百米定向、短距离、中距离、积分赛和团队赛等多个不同的比赛项目。在比赛项目不同的情况下,训练也应该使用不同的训练方法。在训练方面则不能一成不变的使用同一种方法来训练运动员。运动员之间也存在一定的差异性,对所有运动员都使用相同的训练手段。定向运动识图技能训练方法的有效性研究判定出训练效果差异性。定向运动在识图技能训练上面,训练队之间的训练方法也不尽相同,而训练手段使用后的训练效果和训练手段方法是否有效,这个教练员不能直接评定,基本靠运动员自己在训练过程和比赛时的发挥来自我感觉以及比赛后的成绩来判定。对于训练手段需要科学系统的使用,排除训练效果非常低和没有什么效果的训练手段。比如,百米定向同一场地和同一张地图路线的重复训练,随着训练次数增加,运动员对全部检查点和路线都非常熟悉了,在多次训练后运动员基本凭借之前跑的记忆就能完成寻找检查点,在训练时上面的效果非常小了,甚至于只是在练体能,而没有达到技能训练的目的。通过对定向识图技能的有效性研究表明对定向运动训练要进行系统的数据收集、数据处理得出科学的理论依据,使得训练方法更具有针对性。建议在从事定向运动的教练员应该针对每位运动员都要有一套适合自己和运动员的数据收集处理系统,对运动员的训练效果有一个很好的掌控和了解,提高运动员的技能水平、挖掘运动员的运动潜力,以及完善自身的定向运动教学方式、人才选拔和训练方法。
[Abstract]:The directional movement identification skill is very important in the course of the directional movement, and the performance of the player's competition and the performance of the game are affected by the skill of the athletes. At present, the unit of the team and the directional movement of the directional movement training in China is relatively single in the method of identifying the skill training method, and in some of the foreign direct sports clubs, the management personnel carry out the training, test and data collection and analysis of the directional athletes, The level of psychological research has been entered, and their data collection and analysis after the game and after training are more complete and comprehensive. The aim of this study is to have a more profound understanding of the skills of the directional movement, and to master and apply the skill to improve the skill level. At the same time, it is possible to have more innovative skill training methods for directional movement identification skills, and can also inspire more people to input into the directional movement, and can have a new understanding of the skill of the figure, and is full of interest and love for this movement. This study uses the methods of documentation, logic analysis, expert interview, mathematical statistics and experiment to analyze the existing training methods and self-created training methods, and use the new training methods and data collection methods to test the 30 directional athletes in the school. Prior to the use of these training methods, they had not previously used these methods to train the identification skills and to make a decision on the effectiveness and rationality of these training measures, and the following conclusions were obtained after the experiment: The directional movement identification skill training method is more specific to the skill training of the directional athletes. In the course of training, the directional movement identification skills need to be specially trained for certain specific abilities of the athletes, such as the map scale application, the 100-meter orientation training athlete transfer map, the dot consistency, the map memory, and the like. The directional movement identification skill training method is more diversified in the athlete training method. The directional sports events are divided into a number of different events such as a 100-meter orientation, a short distance, a mid-distance, an integral race, and a team race. In the event of different events, the training should also use different training methods. In the training aspect, the same method can not be used to train the athletes. There is also a certain difference between the athletes, and the same training means are used for all the athletes. The difference of training effect was determined by the effectiveness of the method of directional movement identification. the training method between the training teams and the training method is different, and the coach can not directly assess whether the training effect and the training method are effective after the training method is used, It is determined by the athlete's self-feeling as well as the performance after the match at the time of the training process and the game. The training means require the use of a scientific system, with a very low training effect and no means of training. For example, the 100-meter orientation of the same site and the repeated training of the same map route, with the increase of the number of training, the athletes are very familiar with all the checkpoints and routes, and the athletes can complete the search for the checkpoints with the previously run memory after multiple training, The effect on training is very small, even in the exercise of physical ability, without the purpose of skill training. Through the study of the effectiveness of the directional movement training, it is shown that the training of the directional movement is to be collected by the system, and the data processing can obtain the scientific theoretical basis, so that the training method is more specific. It is suggested that the coaches who are engaged in the directional movement should have a set of data collection and processing systems which are suitable for themselves and athletes for each player, have a good control and understanding of the training effect of the athletes, improve the skill level of the athletes, and tap the sports potential of the athletes, And perfect its own teaching method, talent selection and training method.
【学位授予单位】：吉林体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G826

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