大强度间歇训练对足球运动员专项体能的影响

发布时间：2019-06-01 08:56

【摘要】：在高水平足球比赛中,良好的体能基础是运动员充分发挥技战术水平的先决条件。我国职业足球联赛水平较世界先进水平存在较大差距,比赛节奏慢,其中运动员的专项体能与世界一流水平运动员存在差距是重要原因之一。提高我国足球运动员的专项体能对提高我国足球运动员的整体水平具有重要意义。大强度间歇训练作为一种省时、简易的体能训练方式,在提高自行车、跑步、铁人三项等周期性项目运动员水平方面的作用已得到研究广泛认可,但在非周期性项目中的应用尚需研究进一步验证,在提高足球运动员专项体能方面的作用也未有一致结论。本研究目的为通过对足球运动员进行大强度间歇训练干预,观察干预前后运动员各专项体能指标水平的变化,探索大强度间歇运动对足球运动员专项体能的影响。本研究以20名大学足球专项男子运动员为实验对象,随机均分为实验组与对照组。实验组接受大强度间歇训练干预,持续10周,每周两天,每天两组,每组12次,每次持续15秒的全力冲刺跑训练,冲刺跑间歇为15秒,两组间间歇为10分钟;对照组在相同时间进行持续40分钟的70%最大心率强度有氧训练。干预前、后对运动员专项体能指标进行测试。结果发现,10周干预后实验组运动员12分钟跑、40 m冲刺跑、Yo Yo间歇跑、原地纵跳和Illinois灵敏性测试成绩均显著提高(P0.05);对照组干预后仅12分钟跑和Yo Yo间歇跑成绩显著提高(P0.05)。根据研究结果,可得出以下结论:(1)大强度间歇训练有助于足球运动员提高有氧能力、无氧能力、下肢爆发力和专项灵敏性。(2)相比于传统中等强度、长时间的有氧耐力训练,大强度间歇训练在提高足球运动员专项体能方面更具有优越性。(3)大强度间歇训练作为一种省时、有效的训练方式,对于赛程紧密的足球运动员在赛季中继续提高专项体能水平具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In the high level football match, the good physical fitness foundation is the prerequisite for the athlete to give full play to the technical and tactical level. There is a big gap between the level of professional football league in China and the advanced level in the world, and the rhythm of the game is slow, among which the gap between the special physical fitness of athletes and the first-class athletes in the world is one of the important reasons. It is of great significance to improve the special physical fitness of Chinese football players to improve the overall level of Chinese football players. As a time-saving and simple way of physical training, the role of high-intensity interval training in improving the level of cycling, running, triathlon and other periodic athletes has been widely recognized. However, the application in aperiodic events needs to be further verified, and there is no consistent conclusion on the role of football players in improving their special physical fitness. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of physical fitness indexes of football players before and after intervention through high intensity intermittent training intervention, and to explore the influence of high intensity intermittent sports on special physical fitness of football players. In this study, 20 male football players were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group received intensive intermittent training intervention for 10 weeks, two days a week, 12 times a day in each group, each time for 15 seconds of full sprint training, the interval of sprint was 15 seconds, and the interval between the two groups was 10 minutes. The control group underwent 70% maximum heart rate intensity aerobic training for 40 minutes at the same time. Before and after the intervention, the athletes' special physical fitness index was tested. The results showed that after 10 weeks of intervention, the athletes in the experimental group ran 12 minutes and 40 m sprint, Yo intermittent run, and the scores of in situ longitudinal jump and Illinois sensitivity test were significantly improved (P 0.05). After intervention, the performance of 12-minute running and Yo intermittent running in the control group was significantly improved (P 0.05). According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) High intensity intermittent training is helpful for football players to improve aerobic capacity, anoxic capacity, explosive power of lower extremities and special sensitivity. (2) compared with the traditional medium intensity, For a long time aerobic endurance training, high intensity intermittent training has more advantages in improving the special physical fitness of football players. (3) High intensity intermittent training is a time-saving and effective training method. It is of great significance for football players with close schedule to continue to improve their special physical fitness during the season.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

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