中外优秀女子跳马运动员竞技实力比较研究

发布时间：2019-06-17 12:29

【摘要】：女子体操包括单项、全能和团体三种比赛形式,其中全能和团体是两个综合性比赛,包括女子体操的各个项目,每个项目的难度编排和完成得分在比赛中都起着关键的作用。跳马一直是我国女子体操的弱势项目,在跳马单项赛事中我国女子运动员的两跳技术就没有突出优势,在全能和团体比赛中难度分值和完成质量就更需要其他项目弥补,因此提高跳马项目发展水平是我国女子体操发展的重点。本文用文献资料、专家访谈、录像观察、数理统计等研究方法,本文以里约奥运周期4次国际赛事和十二届全运会单项决赛的运动员为研究对象,以赛事中她们所使用的跳马技术动作及各项成绩为观察对象。主要通过对赛事动作难度、完成分值和动作类型进行观察和统计,比较2013版和2017版规则变化情况和中外跳马项目的发展差异,分析我国女子跳马项目在世界竞争格局中的地位,明确提出我国女子跳马在发展中存在的问题,并根据新规则提出今后我国女子跳马项目发展的策略,为跳马项目的发展提供理论参考。通过对上述问题的研究,得出以下结论:1、2017版新规则将跳马难度分值普遍下调,改变只有一个有效动作的计算方式,增加专项扣分的条款,调整个别动作的扣分值,促使中外女子跳马运动员以高标准完成技术动作。2、中外优秀女子跳马运动员的难度分值和完成质量均呈现显著性差异,国外运动员动作类型以第二、第四和第五组别动作为主,我国则以第二、第三组别动作为主。3、跳马项目呈现出以美、朝、俄为首的世界竞争格局,我国女子跳马运动员的两跳动作主要集中在“前手翻”和“冢原”两种类型,这两种动作类型能够借助向前的水平速度弥补运动员下肢力量的不足,且发展空间较大。我国女子优秀运动员两跳均值难度虽有所提升,但完成质量还有待提高。4、国外优秀运动员爆发力强,腾空高,而我国女子跳马运动员爆发力相对较弱,助跑速度、踏板和推马力度、第二腾空的高度都受其影响。即使第二腾空的姿态相对较好,但较低的腾空高度不能给技术动作足够的空间和时间,落地稳定性波动大。5、优化我国体操后备人才培养模式,增加选材人数,更新训练观念,改变训练方式,加大训练力度,加强力量素质结构与专项素质结构同步发展,是我国女子跳马现阶段必须解决的问题。
[Abstract]:Women's gymnastics includes three forms of competition: single, all-around and group, in which all-around and group are two comprehensive competitions, including each event of women's gymnastics. The difficulty arrangement and completion score of each event play a key role in the competition. Horse vault has always been a weak event of women's gymnastics in our country. In the individual event of horse vault, the two-jump technique of Chinese female athletes has no outstanding advantages, and the difficulty score and completion quality in all-around and group competitions need to be made up by other events. Therefore, improving the development level of horse vault events is the focus of the development of women's gymnastics in our country. By using the research methods of literature, expert interview, video observation and mathematical statistics, this paper takes the athletes of four international events and the individual finals of the 12th National Games in the Rio Olympic cycle as the research objects, and takes the technical movements and achievements of the vault used by them in the events as the object of observation. Through the observation and statistics of the movement difficulty, completion score and action type of the event, this paper compares the changes of the rules of the 2013 edition and the 2017 edition and the development differences of the Chinese and foreign horse vault events, analyzes the position of the Chinese women's vault horse events in the world competition pattern, clearly puts forward the problems existing in the development of the Chinese women's vault horses, and puts forward some strategies for the development of the women's horse vault events in China in the future according to the new rules. It provides theoretical reference for the development of horse vault project. Through the study of the above problems, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the 2017 edition of the new rules generally reduces the difficulty score of horse vault, changes the calculation method of only one effective action, increases the clause of special deduction, adjusts the deduction score of individual movements, and urges Chinese and foreign female vault athletes to complete the technical movements with a high standard. 2, there are significant differences in the difficulty score and completion quality of Chinese and foreign elite female vault athletes. The movement types of foreign athletes are mainly in the second, fourth and fifth groups, while in our country, the second and third groups are the main movements. 3, the horse vault events show a world competitive pattern led by the United States, North Korea and Russia. The two-jump movements of Chinese female vault athletes are mainly concentrated in the two types of "forward hand flip" and "Tsuhara". These two types of movements can make up for the lack of lower extremity strength of athletes with the help of the forward horizontal speed. And there is a lot of room for development. Although the average difficulty of two jumps of Chinese female elite athletes has been improved, the completion quality still needs to be improved. 4, the explosive power of foreign elite athletes is strong and the take-off is high, while the explosive power of Chinese female jumpers is relatively weak, the running-up speed, pedal and horse pushing strength, and the height of the second take-off are all affected by it. Even if the posture of the second take-off is relatively good, the lower take-off height can not give enough space and time for technical movements, and the stability of landing fluctuates greatly. 5, optimizing the training mode of gymnastic reserve talents in our country, increasing the number of material selection, renewing the training concept, changing the training mode, increasing the training intensity, strengthening the synchronous development of the strength quality structure and the special quality structure are the problems that must be solved at the present stage.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G832.2

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