杨式太极拳典型动作腰腹肌肉肌电活动的特征分析

发布时间：2019-06-27 16:43

【摘要】：研究目的:本文利用表面肌电,选取杨式太极拳中有代表性的动作,如野马分鬃、倒卷肱、云手。分别对太极拳多年练习者和太极拳初学者的腰腹部肌肉活动的特征进行测试,分析多年练习组与初学组存在的差异;同时,研究多年练习太极拳运动者腰腹肌肉的活动特征,将不同肌肉的积分肌电值、均方根值进行对比,找出在运动过程中的各个肌肉群的放电特点,为今后太极拳健身人群,在太极拳动作的选取过程中提供科学依据。研究方法:从大学生中选取太极拳练习者共20人,其中太极拳多年练习者10人,初学者10人,采用6道便携式无线遥测表面肌电测试系统和高速摄像设备,测试杨式太极拳中野马分鬃、云手、倒卷肱三个典型动作。运用同步软件和视频对相关指标进行积分肌电以及均方根的分析,数据结果用IBM SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。研究结果:(1)多年练习组野马分鬃动作,积分肌电值(肌肉放电量)高的为竖脊肌,其次是背阔肌、腹直肌,放电量最低的为腹外斜肌,左右两侧肌肉不存在显著性差异;而初学组野马分鬃动作的左右背阔肌表现出明显的不对称性,左右腹直肌也存在显著差异(p0.05),同时,多年练习组与初学组的背阔肌放电量存在显著性差异(p0.05)。(2)在练习云手动作的过程中,多年练习组积分肌电值(肌肉放电量)最大的肌肉为左侧背阔肌,放电量最低的肌肉为右侧腹外斜肌。各腰腹肌肉在多年练习组与初学组中均不存在显著性差异(3)倒卷肱动作,多年练习组的左右腹直肌积分肌电值(肌肉放电量)均排在前列,且与初学组左右侧腹直肌放电量存在显著性差异,与此同时,初学组左右腹直肌积分肌电值(肌肉放电量)差距也较大并存在显著性差异(p0.05)。(4)无论是野马分鬃、云手还是倒卷肱动作,初学组各肌肉的放电持续时间与多年练习组相比,不具备显著性差异,但初学组大部分肌肉的放电持续时间要长于多年练习组。(5)实验所选取的八块肌肉中,无论是多年练习组还是初学组,三类动作之中,积分肌电值(肌肉放电量)最大者是野马分鬃,其次是倒卷肱,放电量最小的是云手。研究结论:(1)多年练习组野马分鬃动作,活动程度最高的肌肉为竖脊肌,其次是背阔肌、腹直肌,放电量最低的为腹外斜肌。(2)多年练习组的云手动作,各腰腹肌肉的放电特征相似,彼此之间不存在显著差异(3)倒卷肱动作初学者的左右腹直肌存在显著性差异。(4)初学者的腰腹部肌肉的放电持续时间过长,即持续紧张时间长,由此可见,初学者的腰腹部用力方式不是很正确,导致动作僵硬,动作不够舒适自如。故初学者在身体协调性以及控制腰部肌肉的能力方面还有待进一步提高。(5)不同步法动作腰腹部肌肉的“放电量”存在差异,其中进步动作“放电量”最大,横移步“放电量”最小。即进步动作腰腹部肌肉的活动最强,横移步动作腰腹部肌肉的活动最弱。
[Abstract]:Objective: by using surface electromyography (EMG), the representative movements of Yang Taijiquan, such as wild horse bristles, inverted brachial and Yunhand, were selected in this paper. The characteristics of waist and abdomen muscle activity of Taijiquan practitioners and Taijiquan beginners were tested respectively, and the differences between multi-year practice group and junior high school group were analyzed. At the same time, the movement characteristics of waist and abdomen muscles of Taijiquan athletes for many years were studied, the integral myoelectric values and root mean square values of different muscles were compared, and the discharge characteristics of each muscle group during exercise were found out, which provided scientific basis for Taijiquan fitness population in the process of selecting Taijiquan movements in the future. Methods: a total of 20 Taijiquan practitioners were selected from college students, including 10 Taijiquan practitioners and 10 beginners. Six portable wireless telemetry surface EMG test systems and high-speed camera equipment were used to test the three typical movements of wild horse in Yang Taijiquan. The integral EMG and root mean square were analyzed by synchronous software and video, and the data results were statistically analyzed by IBM SPSS 19.0. The results were as follows: (1) in the multi-year exercise group, the integral EMG (muscle discharge) was high in the vertical spinal muscle, followed by the latissimus dorsi muscle, rectus abdominis muscle, and the extraabdominal oblique muscle, and there was no significant difference between the left and right muscles. In the junior group, there was obvious asymmetry in the left and right latissimus dorsi muscles, and there was also significant difference in the left and right rectus abdominis muscles (p0.05). At the same time, there was a significant difference in the discharge quantity of the latissimus dorsi muscle between the multi-year practice group and the junior group (p0.05). (2). In the process of practicing the cloud hand movement, the muscle with the largest integral EMG (muscle discharge) was the left latissimus dorsi muscle. The muscle with the lowest discharge was the right extraabdominal oblique muscle. There was no significant difference between the lumbar and abdominal muscles in the multi-year practice group and the junior group (3) the integral myoelectric value (muscle discharge) of the left and right rectus abdominis muscle in the multi-year practice group was in the forefront, and there was a significant difference between the left and right rectus abdominis muscle discharge in the primary group. At the same time, the left and right rectus abdominis muscle discharge quantity in the multi-year practice group was significantly different from that in the primary group. There was also significant difference in the integral EMG value (muscle discharge) of the left and right rectus abdominis in the junior group (p0.05). (4). The discharge duration of the muscles in the primary group was not significantly different from that in the multi-year practice group, but the discharge duration of most of the muscles in the primary group was longer than that in the multi-year practice group. (5) of the eight muscles selected in the experiment, Whether in the multi-year practice group or in the junior group, the largest integral EMG (muscle discharge) was the wild horse bristle, followed by the inverted brachium, and the least discharge was the Yunhand. The conclusions were as follows: (1) in the multi-year exercise group, the muscles with the highest degree of activity were vertical spinal muscles, followed by latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, and oblique abdominis muscle. (2) in the multi-year practice group, the discharge characteristics of lumbar and abdominal muscles were similar. There was no significant difference between them. (3) there was significant difference in left and right rectus abdominis muscle of beginners with inverted brachial movement. (4) the discharge duration of lumbar and abdominal muscles of beginners was too long, that is to say, the duration of tension was long. Thus, it can be seen that the way of waist and abdomen force of beginners is not very correct, resulting in stiff movements and not comfortable and comfortable movements. Therefore, the early scholars need to be further improved in physical coordination and the ability to control lumbar muscles. (5) there are differences in the "discharge" of lumbar and abdominal muscles in different gait movements, in which the progressive action "discharge electricity" is the largest, and the horizontal step "discharge electricity" is the smallest. That is, the movement of lumbar and abdominal muscles is the strongest, and the movement of lumbar and abdominal muscles is the weakest.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852.11

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