坐姿振动训练对高龄老年人下肢肌肉力量、平衡和步行能力的影响研究

发布时间：2019-07-05 16:49

【摘要】：研究目的:从21世纪初被引起关注到目前被应用于多个领域,振动训练在过去二十年左右的时间里得到了广泛的发展,该领域学者普遍认为其作为一种简便易行的健身手段,能够被用来激发人体潜能、提升机体功能等,并且认为振动训练似乎更适合身体功能较弱的人群。但至今为止,振动训练领域的理论框架还未完全厘清,学术界尚存诸多争议点,因此需要更多研究进行理论补充和修正。为此,本研究以高龄老年人为研究主体,探究坐姿条件下振动训练对其下肢肌肉力量、平衡功能和步行功能的影响,以期为今后老年人参加坐姿振动训练提供指导和建议,同时为振动训练领域的发展提供实证参考。研究方法:36名社区日托所老年人被随机分为实验组(20人,81.1±6.6岁)和对照组(16人,84.6±5.7岁),实验组采用法国产BODYGREEN垂直律动机进行为期12周的坐姿振动训练,振动方案为(2mm,3-9Hz,5min/组,2-4组/次,间歇1min,3次/周),对照组不参与振动训练,保持正常作息。测试指标:选择5次坐立试验(Five Times Sit to Stand Test,FTSST)评价受试者下肢肌肉力量;采用Win-Pod足底压力测试分析系统、强化Romberg测试评估受试者静态平衡功能;选用起立-行走计时测试(Timed Up and Go Test,TUGT)、10m步行测试(10m walking test,10MWT)和6min步行测试(6-minute walk distance,6MWD)分别评价受试者功能性移动能力、步行速度和步行耐力。数据分析分别采用独立样本t检验、配对样本t检验进行组间和组内比较。P0.05时认为差异有显著意义,P0.01时认为差异有非常显著意义。研究结果:(1)肌肉力量方面。实验组干预后FISST成绩较干预前有所提高,提高幅度为4.17%,对照组干预后测试成绩较干预前有所下降,下降幅度为4.22%,两组前后差异不具有显著意义。(2)平衡能力方面。在Win-Pod足底压力睁眼测试中,实验组干预后在重心摆动轨迹长、外周面积和Y轴偏移量上有明显提高,差异具有显著意义(P0.05),对照组在这三项指标中均有提高,下降幅度分别为2.11%、0.05%和5.79%;实验组在重心摆动速度、X轴摆动速度、Y轴摆动速度和X轴偏移量上与干预前相比均有下降,对照组在这四项指标上变化各异。闭眼测试中,实验组干预后在重心摆动轨迹长和Y轴偏移量上下降明显,差异具有显著意义(P0.05),对照组在这两项指标中均有提高;在其余5项指标中,实验组均有下降,对照组均有提高,两组前后差异皆无显著意义。在强化Romberg测试上,实验组干预后提高幅度3.74%,对照组下降幅度5.77%,两组前后差异均不具有显著意义。(3)步行能力方面。在功能性移动能力测试(TUGT)中,实验组干预后下降8.43%,对照组干预后提升3.18%,两组前后差异不具有显著意义;步行速度测试(10MWT)中,实验组干预后测试成绩下降幅度为1.62%,对照组提升幅度为1.24%,两组前后差异同样不具有显著意义;步行耐力测试(6MWD)中,实验组和对照组干预后都有一定下降,下降幅度分别为0.68%和2.42%,且两组前后差异都不具有显著意义。结论1.12周坐姿振动训练对增强高龄老年人下肢肌肉力量有一定帮助,能够在一定程度上提高老年人从坐到站的能力。2.12周坐姿振动训练可以在一定程度上增强高龄老年人的平衡能力,在重心轨迹偏移和前后方向重心偏移上效果明显。3.12周坐姿振动训练可以在一定程度上帮助高龄老年人提高功能性移动能力和步行速度,在步行耐力上未表现出提高效果。4.12周坐姿振动训练期间高龄老年人依从性较好,无不良反应出现,高龄老年人能够适应本研究中的训练安排。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: From the beginning of the 21st century, attention has been paid to the current application in many fields, the vibration training has been widely developed in the past two decades, and it is widely believed that it can be used to stimulate the human potential as a simple and convenient body-building means. The function of the body and the like is improved, and the vibration training appears to be more suitable for people with weak physical function. So far, the theoretical framework in the field of vibration training has not been completely clear, and there are still many controversial points in the academic circles, so it is necessary to make more research on the theoretical supplement and correction. To this end, we study the influence of the vibration training on the muscle strength, the balance function and the walking function of the lower limbs under the condition of sitting posture, with a view to providing guidance and suggestions for the future of the elderly in the training of sitting posture vibration. And provides an empirical reference for the development of the vibration training field. Methods: The elderly were randomly divided into the experimental group (20, 81.1 and 6.6 years) and the control group (16, 84.6 and 5.7 years) in 36 community day-care groups, and the experimental group was subjected to a 12-week sitting position vibration training with the French-born BODYGREEN vertical-law motor, and the vibration scheme was (2 mm,3-9 Hz,5 min/ group,2-4 groups/ time). Intermittent 1 min,3 times/ week), control group did not participate in the vibration training, and kept normal interest. The test index:5 times of sitting test (FTSSST) was selected to evaluate the muscle strength of the lower limbs of the subject; a Win-Pod plantar pressure test and analysis system was used to strengthen the Romberg test to evaluate the balance function of the subject; and a standing-walk timing test (Timed Up and Go Test) was selected. TUGT,10 m walking test (10MWT) and 6 min walk test (6MWD) were used to evaluate the subject's functional mobility, walking speed and walking endurance, respectively. Data analysis was compared between groups and groups using independent sample t-test and paired-sample t-test, respectively. The difference was found to be significant in P0.05, and it was considered that the difference was very significant at the time of P0.01. Results of the study: (1) Muscle strength. After the intervention of the experimental group, the score of the FISST was improved before the intervention, the improvement of the amplitude was 4.17%, the post-intervention test scores of the control group decreased, the decrease was 4.22%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. (2) Balance capacity. In the open-eye test of the foot pressure of the Win-Pod, the control group had a significant difference in the length of the center of gravity swing, the peripheral area and the Y-axis offset after the intervention of the experimental group (P0.05). The control group had an improvement in the three indexes, with a decrease of 2.11%, 0.05% and 5.79%, respectively. In the experimental group, the swinging speed of the center of gravity, the swinging speed of the X-axis, the swinging speed of the Y-axis and the offset of the X-axis were lower than that before the intervention, and the control group had different changes in the four indexes. In the closed-eye test, after the intervention of the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the length of the center of gravity and the offset of the Y-axis, and the difference was significant (P0.05). In the control group, there was an increase in the two indexes, and in the remaining 5 indexes, the experimental group had a decrease, and the control group was improved. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In the enhanced Romberg test, after the intervention of the experimental group, the amplitude of the control group was 3.74%, the decrease of the control group was 5.77%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. (3) The ability of walking. In the functional mobility test (TUGT), the experimental group decreased by 8.43% after the intervention and 3.18% after the intervention of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was not significant; in the walking speed test (10MWT), the decrease of the test result after the intervention of the experimental group was 1.62%. The improvement of the control group was 1.24%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant; in the walking endurance test (6MWD), the experimental group and the control group had a certain decrease after the intervention, and the descending amplitude was 0.68% and 2.42%, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion: The 12-week sitting position vibration training can help to enhance the strength of the lower limb muscles of the old people, and can improve the ability of the old people from sitting to the station to a certain extent. The 12-week sitting posture vibration training can improve the balance ability of the old people to some extent, 12-week sitting position vibration training can help the aged to improve the functional mobility and the walking speed to a certain extent, The improvement effect was not shown on the walking endurance. The high-age old people had better compliance and no adverse reactions during the 12-week sitting posture vibration training. The elderly were able to adapt to the training arrangement in this study.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G808.1

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