构建和谐社会视野下之义务教育公平的思考

发布时间：2018-06-21 19:36

本文选题：义务教育公平 + 社会主义和谐社会　；参考：《成都理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：党十六届四中全会明确提出构建社会主义和谐社会的战略决策。胡锦涛总书记提出,“社会主义和谐社会应该是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会”。2006年,胡锦涛总书记在中央政治局集体学习时,明确提出了努力办好让人民满意的教育的奋斗目标,强调指出“保证人民享有接受教育的机会,是党和政府义不容辞的职责,也是促进社会公平正义、构建社会主义和谐社会的客观要求。”而教育部基础教育司副司长杨进也提及“义务教育的公平是最基本的公平。” 进入21世纪,我国开始全面建设小康社会,构建社会主义和谐社会,既是目前我国政治、经济、文化生活中的重大议题,也是深入推进我国改革开放和现代化建设中的重大使命;社会公平是社会主义和谐社会建设的重要内容和特征之一,在社会主义和谐社会的建设中具有重要的基础性地位和作用,是支撑社会主义和谐社会的重要支柱,没有公平,社会就不可能和谐和充满活力;教育公平是社会公平的重要组成部分,是实现社会公平的起点和最有力的支撑,百年大计,教育为本;而义务教育公平更是社会公平之基础,是人的全面发展的根本要求,是实现社会公平的底线,也是促进社会和谐的必要条件。在今年的政府工作报告中,温家宝总理强调:科技、教育和人才是国家发展的基础和根本,必须始终放在重要的战略地位。推动教育事业科学发展,为人们提供更加多样、更加公平更高质量的教育。促进义务教育均衡发展。加强义务教育阶段学校标准化建设,公共资源配置重点向农村和城市薄弱学校倾斜。以流入地政府和公办学校为主,切实保障农民工随迁子女平等接受义务教育。落实和完善国家助学制度,无论哪个教育阶段,都要确保每个孩子不因家庭经济困难而失学。不容否认,自新中国成立以来,我国的义务教育有了长足的发展,取得了可喜的成绩。但是问题也很突出,在广大的农村地区,越来越多的留守儿童的现象不得不让我们教育工作者为之担忧。可以说很多的留守儿童处于家庭教育缺位的一种不利的处境,这对于他们正常的社会化过程产生极大的阻力。在大城市,又有很多的农民工子弟为上学的学校而苦恼,由于“户籍制度”的限制,要想进入城市的公立学校上学并非易事,而为农民工子弟办的那些所谓私立学校可能有些又存在资质不足或者其他诸多隐患。本文以构建社会主义和谐社会和当前我国义务教育面临的实际情况为背景,对义务教育公平和社会主义和谐社会的相关理论进行了概述,阐述了义务教育公平的历史性、相对性及基础性特征,深入分析义务教育公平对社会主义和谐社会的理论意义及实践意义;接着本文对当前我国社会中的义务教育不公平现状进行了分析和探讨,指出我国当前义务教育城乡之间的不公平,区域之间的不公平及校际之间的不公平。并进一步深入分析了义务教育不公平的经济原因,主要由于国家总体经济发展水平不高、经济发展不平衡所引起的;观念原因,包括效率优先的价值取向、城市中心的教育观念、精英主义教育观等因素;政策原因是由于国家对教育的投入总体上没有满足教育发展的需要和经费分配方面的不合理以及制度原因;最后,从我国实际出发,结合我国国情和21世纪义务教育的发展,提出我国选择义务教育公平政策的建议。实现义务教育公平前提是政府认识到位,关键是采取得力的措施保障是政府、社会和个人的通力合作。以期为社会主义和谐社会的构建和义务教育公平的实现尽自己的绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:In the fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, the Communist Party of Hu Jintao put forward a strategic decision to build a socialist harmonious society. General Secretary Hu Jintao proposed that "a socialist harmonious society should be a society of democratic rule of law, fair and justice, integrity and love, vitality, stability and order, a harmonious relationship between man and nature", and general secretary Hu Jintao collectives in the Political Bureau of the central government. During the study, it made clear the goal of working hard to satisfy the people's education. It emphasized that "it is the duty of the party and the government to guarantee the opportunity to receive education. It is also an objective requirement to promote social fairness and justice and to build a socialist harmonious society." "The fairness of compulsory education is the most basic fairness."
In twenty-first Century, China began to build a well-off society in an all-round way and build a socialist harmonious society. It is not only a major issue in the political, economic and cultural life of our country, but also a major mission in the reform, opening up and modernization of China, and social equity is one of the important contents and characteristics of the construction of a socialistic harmonious society. The construction of a socialist harmonious society has an important basic position and role, and is an important pillar of the socialist harmonious society. Without fairness, the society can not be harmonious and full of vitality. Education equity is an important part of social equity, the starting point and the most powerful support for the realization of social peace, a hundred years of education and education. The compulsory education fairness is the basis of social equity, the fundamental requirement of the all-round development of human beings, the bottom line of realizing social fairness, and the necessary condition for promoting social harmony.
In this year's report on government work, Premier Wen Jiabao stressed that science and technology, education and talent are the basis and fundamental of national development, must always be placed on an important strategic position, promote the scientific development of education, provide more diversity, more fair and higher quality education, promote balanced development of compulsory education and strengthen compulsory education. The standard construction of section schools, the key to the allocation of public resources to the rural and urban weak schools. The government and the public schools are mainly used to ensure the equal acceptance of compulsory education for the migrant workers. The implementation and improvement of the state school system will ensure that every child is not lost because of the family economic difficulties. Learn.
It can not be denied that since the founding of the new China, compulsory education in China has made great progress and has made gratifying achievements. However, the problems are very prominent. In the vast rural areas, more and more children left behind have to let our educators worry about it. It can be said that a lot of left behind children are in the absence of family education. In the big city, many of the children of migrant workers are worried about the school of school. Because of the restriction of the "household registration system", it is not easy to go to the public schools in the city, and the so-called private schools for the children of the migrant workers may have There are some inadequacy or other hidden dangers.
On the background of building a socialist harmonious society and the actual situation of compulsory education in China, this paper summarizes the related theories of compulsory education equity and socialist harmonious society, expounds the historicity, relativity and basic characteristics of compulsory education fairness, and deeply enters into the analysis of the fairness of compulsory education to the socialist harmonious society. The theoretical and practical significance of the meeting, and then the analysis and discussion of the current unfair status of compulsory education in China's society, points out the unfairness between the urban and rural areas of the current compulsory education, the inequality between the regions and the inequity between the schools, and further analyzes the economic reasons for the unfair education of compulsory education. It is due to the low level of the overall economic development of the country and the imbalance of economic development; the reasons for the concept, including the value orientation of the efficiency priority, the education concept of the city center, the elite education concept, and so on. The policy reason is that the state's investment in education has not met the needs of education development and the allocation of funds. Unreasonable and institutional reasons; finally, starting from the reality of our country, combining with the national conditions of our country and the development of compulsory education in twenty-first Century, this paper puts forward the proposal of our country to choose the fair policy of compulsory education. The realization of the fair premise of compulsory education is that the government is in place, the key is to take effective measures to guarantee the protection of the government, the society and the individual. The construction of a harmonious socialist society and the realization of the fairness of compulsory education are doing their best.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G522.3

【引证文献】