我国政府购买教育服务的政策研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 18:09

本文选题：政府 + 教育服务　；参考：《华东师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：政府购买教育服务是20世纪80年代以来西方国家向社会公众提供教育服务的形式之一。近几年来,我国的一些地区开始了政府购买教育服务的相关探索。虽然目前我国政府购买教育服务还没有成为一个普遍性的、全局性的政策问题,但从教育政策学的视角出发,主动地、预先地对我国基础教育阶段政府购买教育服务的现在与未来、实然与应然进行研究,对于丰富和发展政府购买教育服务的相关理论,为我国政府购买教育服务政策的实施和推广提供借鉴与参照等都具有重要的意义。政府购买教育服务是政府与各类社会组织签订契约,根据对社会组织所提供教育服务的评估,以公共财政全部或部分支付其费用,目的在于向社会公众提供优质、高效、可选择的教育服务。政府购买教育服务的本质特征在于：政府在教育服务提供中实现了“生产者”与“提供者”的分离,政府与社会组织之间的关系在本质上是一种以“契约”为基础的商品交换关系。政府购买教育服务得以成立的理论前提有：政府的教育治理模式应逐步走向“政府—公民社会—市场”三元教育治理模式；教育领域存在市场并可引入市场机制,但教育市场具有其特殊性；教育服务可分为公共教育服务、准公共教育服务和私人教育服务,向社会提供公共教育服务和准公共教育服务是政府的基本职能；政府是否购买教育服务取决于此类教育服务是否是(准)公共教育服务,是否是政府的基本职能,取决于政府与社会组织提供,谁更有效率,取决于此类教育服务的提供是不是政府的核心教育职能。通过对国内外政府购买教育服务政策的考察与研究,笔者认为政府购买教育服务政策有效实施需具备几个条件：政府对政府、市场和学校之间的定位与职能分工要有清晰地认识,政府教育职能的模式应是“小政府—大社会”；教育市场要充分发育；教育中介组织的发展与壮大以及教育行政人员能力的提高。我国目前实施和推广政府购买教育服务政策在技术、经济、政治及行政等方面已具有了一定的可行性,但政策的有效实施还存在以下一些问题：政府教育职能的转变尚任重而道远,教育中介组织的发展尚在“蹒跚学步”,政策法规的相对滞后,传统文化观念有待改变等。伴随着我国社会主义市场经济的不断完善,公民社会力量的逐渐强大,教育体制改革的深化,政府购买教育服务政策可能会成为今后我国逐步实施推广的政策之一。但基础教育是准公共产品的属性决定了政府始终是基础教育的主要举办者和责任人。在基础教育阶段,购买教育服务应成为政府直接生产教育服务的有益补充,政府通过购买教育服务的政策手段来更好地满足社会公众个性化的、多层次的教育需求。同时,未来政府购买教育服务政策的实施和推广需建立和完善相关的政策法规,比如,修订《民办非企业单位登记管理暂行条例》等现有的规范民间组织的相关法律政策,建立政府购买教育服务的质量标准、招投标机制、财政保障制度,形成多方位的监管体系等。我国政府购买教育服务政策的实施与推广应加强社会舆论的引导与宣传。政策实施和推广的过程应是一个渐进的过程。在政策实施过程中,要对政策的实施限度有充分的预期。
[Abstract]:The government's purchase of educational services is one of the forms that western countries have provided education services to the public since 1980s. In recent years, some areas of our country have begun to explore the government's educational services. Although the government's purchase of educational services has not become a universal and global policy problem at present, From the perspective of educational policy, the present and the future of the government purchase education service in the basic education stage of our country are studied actively and in advance. The theory of enriching and developing the government to purchase educational services and providing reference and reference for the implementation and promotion of the government's education service policy are provided. It is of great significance.
The government's purchase of educational services is a contract between the government and various social organizations. According to the assessment of the educational services provided by the social organization, the total or part of the public finance is paid for its expenses. The purpose is to provide the public with high quality, high efficiency and optional educational services. The essential feature of the government's education service is that the government is teaching. In the provision of service, the separation of "producer" and "provider" is realized. The relationship between government and social organization is essentially a kind of commodity exchange relationship based on "contract".
The theoretical premise of the establishment of the government's educational services is that the government's educational governance model should gradually move towards the three yuan education governance model of "government civil society market", the market in the field of education and the introduction of market mechanism, but the education market has its particularity; the education service can be divided into public education service and quasi public education. The basic functions of the government are the provision of public education services and quasi public education services to the society. Whether the government buys educational services depends on whether such services are (quasi) public education services and whether it is the basic function of the government, depending on the government and social organizations, who are more efficient and depend on them. The provision of such educational services is not the core educational function of the government.
Through the investigation and Research on the government's policy of purchasing education service at home and abroad, the author thinks that the government should have several conditions for the effective implementation of the educational service policy. The government should have a clear understanding of the government, the position and the division of labor between the market and the schools, and the mode of the government's educational function should be "small government big society"; The market needs to be fully developed, the development and expansion of the educational intermediary organizations and the improvement of the ability of the educational administrative personnel. The implementation and promotion of the government's educational service policy in China at present has been feasible in technical, economic, political and administrative aspects. However, the following problems still exist in the effective implementation of the policy: the government education service. The transformation of education is still a long way to go. The development of educational intermediary organizations is still in a "toddler" policy, laws and regulations are lagging behind, and traditional cultural concepts need to be changed.
With the continuous improvement of the socialist market economy in China, the gradual strengthening of the civil society strength and the deepening of the reform of the educational system, the government's policy to purchase education service may become one of the policies to be gradually implemented and popularized in our country in the future. But the genera of the quasi public goods determines that the government is always the main lifting of the basic education. At the stage of basic education, the purchase of educational services should be a beneficial supplement to the government's direct production education service. The government can better meet the individualized and multi-level educational needs of the public through the policies and means of buying educational services. At the same time, the implementation and promotion of the future government purchase education service policy needs to be established. And perfecting relevant policies and regulations, for example, revising the relevant legal policies of the existing non-governmental non enterprise units on the temporary regulation of registration and management, establishing the quality standards for the government to purchase education services, bidding mechanism, financial security system, and forming a multi-directional regulatory system. The implementation and promotion should strengthen the guidance and propaganda of social public opinion. The process of policy implementation and promotion should be a gradual process. In the process of policy implementation, the implementation limit of the policy should be fully expected.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G521

【引证文献】