谈“德西效应”在学校管理中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-02 12:21

本文选题：学校管理 + 低成就动机　；参考：《教育探索》1996年01期

【摘要】：正管理心理学研究表明:在某些情况下,当外加报酬和内感报酬兼得的时候,不但不会使工作的动机力量倍增,积极性更高,反而使其效果降低,变成二者之差,外加报酬(主要是奖励)反而会抵消内感报酬的作用,这种现象是由心理学家德西首先发现的,因此称之为德西效应。德西在1971年作了专门的实验,他让大学生被试在实验室里解有趣的智力难题。实验分三个阶段:第一阶段,所有被试都无奖励,第二阶段,将被试分成两组,实验组的被试每完成一个难题可得到1美元的报酬,而控制组的被试跟第一阶段相同,无报酬;第三阶段为休息时间,被试可以在原地自由活动,并把他们是否继续去解题当作喜爱这项活动的程序指标,结果发现一个明显的趋势,实验组(奖励组)被试在第二阶段确实十分努力,而在第三个阶段继续解题的人却很少,表明兴趣与努力程度在减弱,而控制组(无奖励)但被试验者有更多人愿花费休息时间继续解题,表明兴趣与努力程度在增加。这个结果表明,进行一项愉快的活动(内感报酬),如果给提供外部
[Abstract]:Positive management psychology studies have shown that, in some cases, when both external pay and internal compensation are available, it does not increase the motivation and motivation of work, but rather reduces its effect and becomes the difference between the two. On the contrary, bonus (mainly reward) counteracts the effect of internal reward. This phenomenon was first discovered by psychologist Desi, so it is called the effect of Desi. Desi conducted a special experiment in 1971, where he asked college students to solve interesting mental problems in the laboratory. The experiment was divided into three stages: in the first stage, all the subjects were not rewarded; in the second stage, the subjects in the experimental group were divided into two groups. The subjects in the experimental group were paid $1 for each problem they completed, while those in the control group were the same as those in the first stage. In the third stage, during the rest period, the subjects were able to move freely in situ and use whether they continued to solve the problem as a procedural indicator of their liking for the activity. The results showed that there was a clear trend. The experimental group (reward group) did really work hard in the second stage, while few people continued to solve the problem in the third stage, indicating that interest and effort were decreasing. In the control group (no reward) but more people were willing to spend rest time to continue solving the problem, indicating that interest and effort are increasing. This result shows that a pleasant activity (internal reward), if provided to the outside,
【作者单位】：大庆市教育学院
【分类号】：G471

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