3-5岁儿童关系类概念学习的研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 12:41

本文关键词：3-5岁儿童关系类概念学习的研究　出处：《河南大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 关系类概念是一种类属成员由特殊关系决定的类概念,早期关于类概念的研究主要是集中于儿童如何学习和形成物体类概念的研究。但实际上,关系类概念在生活中占很大比例,在抽象思维发展中起重要作用,本研究就是在前人关于物体类概念的研究基础上探讨相似性比较和语言名称对儿童关系类概念的学习的促进作用。研究中以3-5岁儿童为被试,以呈现图片的方式,在有语言名称和没有语言名称的两种实验条件探讨语言名称对儿童完成关系类概念任务的影响。预备试验确定儿童能够学习关系类概念的年龄,为正式实验中被试年龄的选择提供依据。实验一目的主要是要探讨相似性比较和语言名称对3-5岁儿童关系类概念学习的影响,实验一让3岁、4岁、5岁儿童看成对的有相似情境的图片,实验分两种情况,实验组加入有语言名称,控制组没有语言名称,只是向儿童呈现类似性图片,任务是完成对有共同关系的图片匹配。结果表明,4岁、5岁儿童在两种情况下都能完成关系类概念学习任务,但在有语言名称的情况下成绩更好;3岁儿童不能完成关系类概念学习任务,而且在两种试验条件下的成绩没有显著差异。实验二主要是检验3岁儿童经过多次比较有相似性的图片后,能否完成关系类念的学习任务。根据Gentner等人关于物体类概念的有关研究的发现,为儿童提供多个类比源能够促进儿童发现共同的结构,促进知识的迁移。对3岁儿童进行渐进排列训练后,即先呈现相似性高的成对图片,然后呈现类似于实验一的图片,3儿童可以完成关系类概念学习任务,但是实验组的被试成绩更好,即语言名称能够促进儿童关系类概念的学习。本研究的研究结果表明相似性比较和语言名称对儿童关系类概念的学习的促进作用。比较是儿童概念学习的重要途径和学习策略,通过比较儿童能够发现标准图片和选择图片之间的共同结构;语言名称在儿童比较并发现相似性的过程中有很大作用,共同的语言名称本身就会引导儿童去发现更多的相似性。
[Abstract]:The concept of relational class is a kind of class concept decided by a special relationship among a kind of members . The research on the concept of class is mainly focused on how children learn and form the concept of object classes . But in practice , the concept of relation class plays an important role in the development of abstract thought . The experimental results show that the three - year - old children can complete the concept learning task of the relationship based on the similarity comparison and the language names . The results show that the four - year - old children can complete the study task of the relationship . The results show that the children who are 3 years old cannot complete the task of the relationship concept learning . The results show that the children who are 3 years old cannot complete the relationship concept learning task , but the experimental results show that the children can complete the relationship concept learning task . However , the experimental results are better , that is , the language names can promote the learning of the concept of the child relationship . The results of this study show that the similarity comparison and the language name promote the learning of the concept of children ' s relationship . The comparison is the important way and learning strategy of children ' s concept learning . By comparing the children ' s ability to find the common structure between the standard picture and the selection picture , the language names play a great role in the children ' s comparison and find the similarities . The common language names themselves lead the children to find more similarities .

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G610

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