幼儿园教师惩戒行为的特点及其改善

发布时间：2018-03-17 08:52

本文选题：惩戒　切入点：教育行为　出处：《学前教育研究》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：惩戒不同于惩罚,合理、恰当的惩戒对儿童发展具有重要意义。本研究选取普通幼儿园两位大班教师作为研究对象,对其惩戒行为发生的情境、方式、对象、时间及幼儿的反应、惩戒结果进行观察,结果发现幼儿园教师惩戒行为最常发生在生活活动中,其次是教学活动,最少是游戏活动;幼儿园教师最常用的惩戒方式是口头告诫,但不同惩戒情境下教师的惩戒方式具有显著差异,幼儿园教师能够做到慎用惩戒方式;幼儿园教师能够很好地把握惩戒的时机,一般采取及时惩戒,事后惩戒很少;幼儿园教师能够较好地把握惩戒的针对性,惩戒对象主要是个体,且惩戒对象具有明显的性别差异,对男幼儿实施惩戒的频率高于女幼儿;幼儿对教师惩戒主要表现出积极接受的态度,但在教师实施惩戒后幼儿不合乎社会规范的行为仍会反复出现,表明教师惩戒的有效性还有待提高。幼儿园教师应在关注幼儿反应的基础上,将惩戒与班级管理、班级文化建设相结合,由此提高惩戒的效果,更好地实现惩戒于儿童发展的重要价值。
[Abstract]:Punishment is different from punishment, reasonable and appropriate discipline is of great significance to the development of children. This study selects two teachers of large class in ordinary kindergarten as the research object, and studies the situation, mode and object of their disciplinary behavior. Time, children's reaction and disciplinary results were observed. The results showed that kindergarten teachers' disciplinary behavior occurred most often in life activities, followed by teaching activities, at least game activities, and the most commonly used disciplinary methods of kindergarten teachers were verbal admonitions. However, there are significant differences in teachers' disciplinary methods in different disciplinary situations, kindergarten teachers can exercise caution in disciplinary methods, kindergarten teachers can grasp the opportunity of discipline well, and generally take prompt punishment, but less punishment afterwards. Kindergarten teachers can better grasp the pertinence of discipline, the object of discipline is mainly individual, and the disciplinary object has obvious gender difference, the frequency of discipline to male children is higher than that of female children; Young children mainly show positive attitude towards teachers' discipline, but after teachers' discipline, the behavior of children who do not conform to the social norms will be repeated again and again. It shows that the effectiveness of teacher discipline needs to be improved. Kindergarten teachers should combine discipline with class management and class culture construction on the basis of paying attention to the response of young children so as to improve the effect of discipline. Better realize the important value of discipline in the development of children.
【作者单位】：西华师范大学学前与初等教育学院;西华师范大学附属幼儿园;
【基金】：四川省教育厅人文社科项目“西部地区幼儿责任感发展现状及其干预机制研究”(编号:15SB0092)
【分类号】：G615

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