父母关于幼儿个人事务自主观认知的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 19:55

本文选题：父母 + 个人事务　；参考：《西南大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 个人事务自主观是指成人或儿童对于儿童自身拥有个人权限范围的观念性认知。目前对成人与儿童在个人、道德和常规等事务上的界定及他们之间相互作用的研究己经成为西方儿童自主性研究的基础和重要方面。本文对父亲和母亲对幼儿个人事务自主观的差异性比较是对国内外儿童自主性研究的有益补充,以期为家庭中儿童自主性的培养提供依据,从而丰富家庭教育理论,更好的指导家庭教育实践。本研究采取半结构型与结构型访谈相结合的方法,任务设计均是在参考Nucci(1996)、Hiroyuki Yamada(2004)预访谈、预编码的基础上,结合我国幼儿教育实际修订而成。通过半结构型访谈,考察父母现实生活中对于幼儿个人事务自主程度、权限范畴、具体内容、作用方式的认知;通过结构型访谈,考察父母在假设情境中对幼儿个人事务权限范筹的观念认知。本研究中,半结构型访谈被试96名,结构型访谈被试120名,父母各半。本研究主要结论如下: 从父母关于幼儿个人事务自主观念来看: 1.父母双方均已形成了对幼儿个人事务自主的概念性认知,但双方认知水平高低不存在显著差异。 2.父母双方对幼儿个人事务自主观认知水平不存在显著年龄差异。但在各年龄组上,母亲对于幼儿个人事务自主的认知水平均高于父亲,并且父母双方在年龄组上的认知水平排序均为3岁组＞5岁组＞4岁组。 3.父亲对幼儿个人事务自主观念认知相比母亲而言,存在显著性别差异区分。女孩父亲对幼儿个人事务自主的认知水平最高,男孩父亲最低,而母亲的认知水平整体处于中间状态。 4.无论在假设还是现实情境中,父母均为幼儿确立了个人选择和决定的领域,在双方个人事务领域范畴内具体内容界定上各有所侧重。 5.父母双方在给予幼儿自主选择权的理由判定与标准判断上不存在显著差异。从父母与幼儿的相互作用来看: 6.父母与幼儿在个人事务领域内亲子互动最强,并且父亲与幼儿之间冲突的频次与强度均不及母亲与幼儿,差异显著。母亲在子女之间的冲突频次与强度为正向交互作用.而父亲与子女之间呈负向交互作用。随着幼儿年龄组的增高,父亲在冲突频次上大致呈上升趋势,在冲突强度上呈下降趋势,而母亲正好相反。 7.父亲与母亲针对幼儿自主决定改变的态度不存在显著差异:在父母与幼儿意见不一致时的回应方式上差异显著,父亲更多地采取协商的方式,而母亲更多地采取说服的方式。父亲与母亲在冲突解决策略判定上不存在显著差异。 8.父母关于幼儿反抗动机判定不存在显著差异。但是在冲突中自我角色定位上差异显著,父亲更多地把自我角色定位于朋友,而母亲更多地定位于控制者。根据研究结果显示,研究最后总结了对我国家庭教育的几点启示:关注文化变量对家庭教育的影响:重视父亲在幼儿社会化进程中的作用;改善母亲在与幼儿交往过程中的方式、技巧:加强父母在教育孩子过程中观念与行为的一致性;倡导双性化教育。
[Abstract]:Personal affairs self-consciously refers to the conceptual cognition of adults and children for their own limits of personal rights. At present, the study of adults and children in personal, moral and routine matters and their interaction has become the basis and important aspects of the study of the autonomy of children in the West. The subjective difference comparison between children's personal affairs is a useful supplement to the study of children's autonomy at home and abroad, in order to provide a basis for the cultivation of children's autonomy in the family, thus enriching the theory of family education and better guiding the practice of family education.
This study adopts the method of combining semi structural and structural interview. The task is designed on the basis of Nucci (1996), Hiroyuki Yamada (2004) pre interview and precoding, which is based on the actual revision of China's preschool education. Domain, specific content, cognition of the mode of action; through structural interview, the parents' perception of children's personal affairs in the hypothetical situation was investigated. In this study, 96 semi structured interviews were conducted, 120 subjects were interviewed with structural interview and their parents were half. The main conclusions of this study were as follows:
From the perspective of parents' autonomy on children's personal affairs:
1. both parents have formed a conceptual cognition of children's personal affairs autonomy, but there is no significant difference between the two sides.
2. there is no significant age difference between the parents and the parents on the cognition level of children's personal affairs autonomy. However, in all age groups, the cognitive level of mother's autonomy for children is higher than that of the father, and the cognitive level of both parents in the age group is 3 year group > 5 year old group > 4 year old group.
3. there are significant differences in gender differences between the parents and the mothers. The girls' father has the highest level of cognition, the lowest of the boy's father, and the mother's cognitive level in the middle.
4. both in the hypothesis and the realistic situation, the parents have established the field of personal choice and decision for the children, and each has a particular emphasis on the specific content in the field of personal affairs.
5. there is no significant difference between parents' judgement and standard judgement in giving children the right to choose independently.
From the interaction of parents and young children:
6. parents and children have the strongest parent child interaction in the field of personal affairs, and the frequency and intensity of conflict between parents and children are less than that of mothers and children. The frequency and intensity of conflict between mothers and children are positive interaction. On the contrary, the frequency of conflict tended to increase, and the intensity of conflict tended to decrease.
7. there was no significant difference in the attitudes of parents and mothers on children's self-determination changes: there were significant differences between parents and children in response to disagreement. Fathers took more consultations, while mothers took more persuasion. There was no significant difference between father and mother in the decision of conflict resolution.
8. there is no significant difference between parents' decision on children's resistance motivation. However, there is a significant difference in the position of self role in the conflict, and the father more places his role as a friend, while the mother is more located in the control.
According to the results of the study, the study finally summarizes some inspirations to family education in China: pay attention to the influence of cultural variables on family education: to attach importance to the role of father in the process of children's socialization; to improve the way of mother in the process of communication with children; to strengthen the consistency of the concept and behavior of the parents in the process of educating children; Guide double education.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G610

【引证文献】