熟悉环境下幼儿对抚养者依恋行为的研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 18:53

本文选题：熟悉环境 + 幼儿　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 依恋(attachment),一般是指个体的人对某一特定个体的长久持续的情感联系,在儿童心理发展研究上,依恋常常被定义为儿童与抚养者在相互作用的过程中产生的一种强烈而持久的情感联结,一般表现为儿童对抚养者的一种追随、依附和亲密行为以及由此带来的归属感和安全感,一般在儿童2岁左右形成。依恋关系一旦形成,就会保持相对稳定,并在儿童的社会性及情感发展过程中起重要作用。本研究选取幼儿熟悉的生活环境——幼儿园,在幼儿每天入园和离园的两个时间段,从幼儿与抚养者的分离和重聚的两个自然情境中,归纳幼儿典型的依恋行为指标,再根据焦虑(分离)和亲近(重聚)两个维度自行编定熟悉情景下的“幼儿依恋行为问卷”,确定问卷有较好的信、效度,然后根据问卷结果判断幼儿的依恋类型,并与以往陌生情境研究下的依恋类型及行为表现进行比较,探讨差异。本研究采用横断研究,随机抽取大、中、小班的幼儿,由幼儿家长填写问卷,共收回有效问卷200份。主要研究结果如下: 1.编制了由21个题目组成的“幼儿依恋行为问卷”,经检验有较好的信度、效度,可以进行心理测量。 2.经过测量和统计分析,将熟悉环境中的幼儿依恋类型划分为四类,分别定义为和谐型、淡漠型、紧张型和矛盾型,其中,和谐型和淡漠型依恋的比例显著高于其他依恋类型,为安全性依恋,共占79.4%;紧张型和矛盾型为不安全性依恋,占20.6%。 3.研究结论显示,熟悉环境下幼儿依恋类型与陌生情景下的幼儿依恋类型是有不同的。熟悉环境下和谐型依恋表现与陌生情景的安全型基本一致,而淡漠型儿童的表现是对幼儿园生活的习惯,为熟悉环境下所特有,也应归为安全依恋。紧张型和矛盾型属于不安全依恋,但其表现与陌生情景下的反抗型依恋有所区别,是反抗型依恋的细化与补充。 4.研究结果显示,随着幼儿年龄的增长,各年龄段的依恋类型人数比例变化明显,说明依恋类型在年龄上有显著差异。从性别上看,女孩在和谐型依恋和淡漠型依恋中都有大量人数,男孩在安全性依恋上的人数相对少一些,说明在不同依恋类型在性别上有显著性差异。
[Abstract]:Attachment generally refers to an individual's long-lasting emotional connection to a particular individual, in the study of children's psychological development. Attachment is often defined as a strong and lasting emotional connection between the child and the caregiver in the course of interaction, which is generally expressed as a child's pursuit of the caregiver. Attachment and intimacy, and the resulting sense of belonging and security, typically develop around the age of two. Once attachment is formed, it will remain relatively stable and play an important role in children's social and emotional development. In this study, kindergarten, a familiar living environment for young children, was selected to sum up the typical attachment behavior indicators of children from the two natural situations of the separation and reunion of children and their caregivers in the two periods of time of children entering and leaving the kindergarten every day. According to the two dimensions of anxiety (separation) and closeness (reunion), the questionnaire was designed to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and then according to the results of the questionnaire, the attachment type of children was judged. And compared with the previous study of unfamiliar situations, the types of attachment and behavior were compared to explore the differences. In this study, 200 valid questionnaires were collected randomly from large, middle and small children. The main results are as follows: 1. In this paper, a questionnaire on the attachment behavior of toddlers is developed, which is composed of 21 subjects. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and can be used for psychological measurement. 2. 2. Through measurement and statistical analysis, the attachment types of children in familiar environment were divided into four categories, which were defined as harmony type, indifference type, tension type and contradiction type, among which, the proportion of harmonious and indifferent attachment was significantly higher than that of other attachment types. For safety attachment, 79.4%, tension type and contradictory type are unsafe attachment, accounting for 20.63.3%. The results show that the types of attachment in familiar environment are different from those in unfamiliar situations. The expression of harmonious attachment in familiar environment is basically consistent with the safe type of unfamiliar situation, while the performance of indifferent children is the habit of kindergarten life, which is unique to the familiar environment, and should also be classified as safe attachment. Tension type and contradiction type belong to unsafe attachment, but their performance is different from resistance type attachment in strange situation, and it is the refinement and supplement of resistance type attachment. 4. The results showed that the proportion of attachment types varied significantly with the increase of age, indicating that there were significant differences in the age of attachment types. From the gender point of view, girls have a large number of harmonious attachment and indifferent attachment, while the number of boys in security attachment is relatively small, which indicates that there are significant differences in sex between different attachment types.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G610

【引证文献】