郑州市城市幼儿园开展科学教育活动存在问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 09:56

【摘要】： 科学教育是基础教育的重要组成部分。幼儿科学教育改革，已经成为国际幼儿教育研究的不可缺少的有机部分，而对幼儿科学教育目标新层次的确立是重点和难点。长期以来，国内对幼儿科学教育目标的确认经历了几个阶段，从建国以后到二十世纪八十年代，由于长期受到前苏联教育思想的影响，国内幼儿园实施的是常识教育，它的目标主要是培养幼儿掌握自然科学知识和经验，其结果是幼儿园常识教育成为教师讲知识、幼儿学知识的小学化教育模式。二十世纪八十年末以后，逐渐将常识教育调整为幼儿科学教育，并确立了幼儿科学教育的目标，包括科学知识和经验、科学方法和智力技能、情感和态度三个层次。随着高科技时代的到来，综观国际幼儿科学教育的发展趋势，幼儿科学教育的目标已不能适应知识经济、信息时代对幼儿教育培养人才标准的要求，必须进行深入的研究和调整。实施幼儿科学教育，教师是关键。目前，大多数教师的科学意识、科学知识、科学的能力方法存在着很大的差距，己经成为制约郑州市乃至全国幼儿科学教育的重要因素，需要通过行之有效的机制和手段，尽快建立一支高素质的教师队伍。本文从幼儿科学教育的定义作为切入点，，分析时代发展对幼儿科学教育的要求，借鉴国外和我国台湾地区幼儿科学教育的先进思想和经验，反思了传统常识教育的局限，对幼儿科学教育目标进行了新的确认，即把培养幼儿关心爱护环境的积极情感和对自然、科学的正确态度作为主要目标，同时培养幼儿学习科学的方法和技能，帮助幼儿获取丰富的科学知识和经验。在此基础上，对幼儿科学教育的内容和方法进行研究。本文着重分析了郑州市城市幼儿科学教育存在的问题，并对解决这些问题进行研究分析，提出初步的对策。本文共分成三个部分。第一部分：问题的提出。主要包括：幼儿科学教育的涵义；幼儿科学教育的理论基础：国外和我国台湾地区幼儿科学教育经验介绍与启示；反思传统常识教育的局限。第二部分：郑州市城市幼儿园幼儿科学教育活动现状调查和分析。幼儿科学教育缺乏统一的目标和课程内容。受传统教育思想的制约，缺乏对幼儿科学教育活动 1 的正确认识；各级教育主管部门缺乏对幼儿科学教育统一认识和要求。一些教师不具备进行幼儿科学教育活动能力和基本要求，急需进行培训I。教师职前教育的缺陷和不足制约着幼儿科学教育活动的开展。第三部分：郑州市城市幼儿园科学教育对策研究。主要包括：幼儿科学教育的目标、内容、方法、评价及教师的素养等。
[Abstract]:Science education is an important part of basic education. Children's science education reform has become an international child.
It is an indispensable part of educational research, and the establishment of a new level of goals for science education for young children is important and difficult.
For a long time, the confirmation of children's science education goal has gone through several stages, from the founding of the people's Republic of China to two
In 980s, due to the influence of the Soviet Union's educational thoughts for a long time, domestic kindergartens carried out common sense.
The goal of education is to train children to master natural science knowledge and experience, and the result is kindergarten knowledge.
Education became a primary education mode for teachers to teach knowledge and children to learn knowledge. After the end of eighty in twentieth Century, it gradually began to grow.
The adjustment of common sense education to children's science education has established the goal of science education for young children, including scientific knowledge and
Experience, scientific method and intelligence skill, emotion and attitude are three levels. With the coming of high technology era, a comprehensive survey is made.
The development trend of International Preschool Education, the goal of children's science education can no longer adapt to the knowledge economy.
It is necessary to conduct in-depth research and adjustment on behalf of the requirements for the training of qualified personnel in early childhood education.
Teachers are the key to the implementation of Preschool Science Education. At present, most teachers have scientific consciousness and scientific knowledge.
There is a big gap between scientific ability and methods, which has become a constraint on Child Science Education in Zhengzhou and even the whole country.
Important factors need to be established through effective mechanisms and means as soon as possible.
Starting from the definition of Preschool Science Education, this paper analyzes the requirements of the development of the times for children's science education.
Using the advanced thought and experience of Child Science Education in foreign countries and Taiwan area for reference, we reflect on the traditional knowledge education.
Limitations, a new recognition of the goal of science education for young children, that is, to foster children's positive attitude towards caring for the environment.
And the correct attitude towards nature and science is the main goal, while training children's learning methods and skills.
To help children acquire rich scientific knowledge and experience, on this basis, the contents and methods of Preschool Science Education are introduced.
Research.
This paper mainly analyzes the problems of Preschool Science Education in Zhengzhou City, and solves these problems.
Research and analysis, and put forward the preliminary countermeasures.
This article is divided into three parts.
The first part: putting forward the problem. It mainly includes: the meaning of Preschool Science Education; the rationale of Preschool Science Education.
On the basis: introduction and Enlightenment of children's science education experience in foreign countries and in Taiwan, China; reflection on traditional common sense education
Limitations.
The second part is the investigation and analysis of the status quo of kindergarten science education activities in Zhengzhou.
There is a lack of unified goals and curriculum contents. Due to the restriction of traditional educational thoughts, there is a lack of scientific education activities for children.
One
The competent departments of education at all levels lack a unified understanding and requirement for science education for young children.
Having the ability and basic requirements for infant science education activities, it is urgent to train I. teachers' pre service education defects.
And deficiency restricts the development of children's science education activities.
The third part: the Countermeasures of science education in Zhengzhou city kindergartens.
Goals, contents, methods, evaluations, and teachers' literacy.
【学位授予单位】：西南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：G610

【引证文献】