4-5岁儿童欺负行为与儿童气质、母亲教养方式的相关研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 18:03
【摘要】： 欺负(Bullying)是一种特殊类型的攻击行为,在中小学生中较为常见,近期研究表明,在幼儿园儿童中也有很高的发生率。表现为有意伤害他人、损坏或抢夺他人物品的行为。按照欺负的实施方式,本研究把欺负具体分为直接欺负(身体和言语)和间接欺负两种形式。其中,直接身体欺负包括打、扭、拧、指戳、砸、挤压、踢、踩、推搡、碰撞、抓、咬他人,打掉、损坏、抢夺他人物品、强占座位空间等;言语欺负包括说脏话、骂人、取笑、嘲讽、叫取外号等;间接欺负又称心理欺负或关系欺负,是通过第三方实施的欺负行为,包括散布坏话造谣、唆使打人、游戏活动排斥等。欺负对受欺负者的身心健康具有很大的伤害,经常受到欺负的儿童通常会导致抑郁、注意力分散、感到孤独、逃学、学习成绩下降和失眠,严重的会导致自杀(Olweus,1993)。从已提出的研究框架来看,欺负行为的研究几乎涉及到影响儿童心理发展的各种因素。并且有关于该行为的研究大多集中于中小学,对于学前儿童研究相对较少,本研究在前人研究的基础上针对母亲教养方式、儿童气质与儿童欺负行为的相关关系进行探讨,以期从理论上对儿童欺负行为有所认识,从实践上为尽早的有效地发现、干预儿童欺负行为提供理论依据。 本研究运用《3-7岁儿童气质量表》、《母亲教养方式问卷》、《儿童行为观察表》,采用教师提名法和观察法相结合的方法从三所幼儿园,八百多名孩子中挑选出120名被试,有欺负行为的儿童60名,对照组儿童60名。经过对调查及观察结果的分析,得出如下结论: 1、本研究中,4-5岁儿童欺负行为的主要方式是身体方式,占到行为总数的78.06%,显著多于以说脏话骂人为主的言语方式与以游戏排斥为主的间接方式。 2、从欺负行为的性别差异来看,在身体方式和间接方式的次数上存在显著差异,表现为男孩的身体方式欺负多于女孩,女孩的间接方式多于男孩,而言语方式的欺负行为没有显著的性别差异。并且行为的指向对象,指向男孩的显著多于女孩。 3、从年龄组来看,身体方式、言语方式、间接方式均没有显著差异。 4、就中止方式和行为目的而言,自止(自行终止)的行为显著多于他止(他人终止)的行为,而为获取物品的行为显著地多于为伤害他人的行为,且没有显著的性别差异。 5、本研究考察的有欺负行为的实验组和无欺负行为的对照组儿童在气质、母亲教养方式上都是存在显著差异的。 6、儿童气质与欺负行为从总体而言是不存在显著相关的,但从各维度看,儿童的活动量与儿童身体方式的欺负行为呈显著正相关,与言语方式中的取笑行为呈显著负相关。儿童的适应度与言语方式呈正相关,且言语方式中的威胁恐吓与规律性之间呈显著负相关。语言方式中的威胁恐吓与适应度之间呈显著的正相关。 7、母亲的教养方式与儿童的欺负行为之间存在显著的正相关,但就本研究回归结果的分析,这二者之间并不存在某种线性预测关系。
[Abstract]:Bullying is a special type of aggression, which is common among primary and secondary school students. Recent studies have shown a high incidence of bullying among kindergarten children. Among them, direct physical bullying includes beating, twisting, twisting, pointing, smashing, squeezing, kicking, trampling, pushing, collision, grabbing, biting, knocking off, damaging, robbing other people's belongings, occupying seats, etc; verbal bullying includes swearing, scolding, ridiculing, laughing, calling nicknames and so on; indirect bullying is also called psychological bullying or relationship bullying. Bullying through a third party, including spreading bad news, instigating beatings, exclusion from games, etc. Bullying is very harmful to the physical and mental health of the victim. Children who are often bullied often lead to depression, distraction, loneliness, truancy, poor academic performance and insomnia, and serious suicide (Olweus) According to the proposed research framework, bullying involves almost all kinds of factors affecting children's psychological development. Moreover, most of the studies on bullying are concentrated in primary and secondary schools, and relatively few are on preschool children. This paper probes into the correlation of negative behavior in order to have a theoretical understanding of child bullying and provide a theoretical basis for the early and effective discovery and intervention of child bullying in practice.
In this study, 120 subjects were selected from three kindergartens and more than 800 children by the methods of teacher nomination and observation. 60 children with bullying behavior and 60 children in control group were selected. The following conclusions are drawn:
1. In this study, the main form of bullying behavior of 4-5-year-old children was body style, accounting for 78.06% of the total behavior, which was significantly more than the indirect form of swearing and repelling.
2. From the perspective of gender differences in bullying behavior, there are significant differences in the number of physical and indirect ways, showing that boys bully more than girls in physical ways, girls more than boys in indirect ways, but there is no significant gender difference in bullying behavior in speech style. A child.
3, from age group, there was no significant difference in body style, verbal mode and indirect way.
4. As far as the mode and purpose of suspension are concerned, the behavior of self-termination is significantly more than that of others, while the behavior of acquiring goods is significantly more than that of hurting others, and there is no significant gender difference.
5. There were significant differences in temperament and parenting style between the experimental group with bullying and the control group without bullying.
6. There is no significant correlation between child temperament and bullying in general, but from all dimensions, children's activity is positively correlated with bullying in body style and negatively correlated with teasing in speech style. There was a significant negative correlation between the regularity and the degree of adaptation.
7. There is a significant positive correlation between mother's parenting style and bullying behavior, but there is no linear predictive relationship between them.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G610
本文编号：2208023
[Abstract]:Bullying is a special type of aggression, which is common among primary and secondary school students. Recent studies have shown a high incidence of bullying among kindergarten children. Among them, direct physical bullying includes beating, twisting, twisting, pointing, smashing, squeezing, kicking, trampling, pushing, collision, grabbing, biting, knocking off, damaging, robbing other people's belongings, occupying seats, etc; verbal bullying includes swearing, scolding, ridiculing, laughing, calling nicknames and so on; indirect bullying is also called psychological bullying or relationship bullying. Bullying through a third party, including spreading bad news, instigating beatings, exclusion from games, etc. Bullying is very harmful to the physical and mental health of the victim. Children who are often bullied often lead to depression, distraction, loneliness, truancy, poor academic performance and insomnia, and serious suicide (Olweus) According to the proposed research framework, bullying involves almost all kinds of factors affecting children's psychological development. Moreover, most of the studies on bullying are concentrated in primary and secondary schools, and relatively few are on preschool children. This paper probes into the correlation of negative behavior in order to have a theoretical understanding of child bullying and provide a theoretical basis for the early and effective discovery and intervention of child bullying in practice.
In this study, 120 subjects were selected from three kindergartens and more than 800 children by the methods of teacher nomination and observation. 60 children with bullying behavior and 60 children in control group were selected. The following conclusions are drawn:
1. In this study, the main form of bullying behavior of 4-5-year-old children was body style, accounting for 78.06% of the total behavior, which was significantly more than the indirect form of swearing and repelling.
2. From the perspective of gender differences in bullying behavior, there are significant differences in the number of physical and indirect ways, showing that boys bully more than girls in physical ways, girls more than boys in indirect ways, but there is no significant gender difference in bullying behavior in speech style. A child.
3, from age group, there was no significant difference in body style, verbal mode and indirect way.
4. As far as the mode and purpose of suspension are concerned, the behavior of self-termination is significantly more than that of others, while the behavior of acquiring goods is significantly more than that of hurting others, and there is no significant gender difference.
5. There were significant differences in temperament and parenting style between the experimental group with bullying and the control group without bullying.
6. There is no significant correlation between child temperament and bullying in general, but from all dimensions, children's activity is positively correlated with bullying in body style and negatively correlated with teasing in speech style. There was a significant negative correlation between the regularity and the degree of adaptation.
7. There is a significant positive correlation between mother's parenting style and bullying behavior, but there is no linear predictive relationship between them.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G610
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 段晓璇;学前儿童家庭教育中母亲角色“危机”的研究[D];西北师范大学;2011年
2 尹建军;延吉市小学生欺负行为与父母教养方式的关系研究[D];延边大学;2010年
3 左彩霞;3～6岁幼儿欺负行为与心理理论的关系研究[D];西北师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2208023
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