幼儿游戏教育干预方法、手段的研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 09:36

【摘要】：幼儿处在其身心迅速发展的关键时期,是神经系统和智力发展的敏感期,如果采用科学合理的教育方法、手段对幼儿进行教育,可以更好地促进其发育发展。长期以来,国内外众多的研究证实,体育运动对于人的健康良好发展有重要的作用。各种形式的运动锻炼需要大脑及中枢神经系统进行调节和控制,同时这些运动不仅促进了大脑及神经系统的形态学改变,同时也提高了大脑及神经系统的功能发展完善,运动和神经系统互为基础并且相互促进。因此,抓住幼儿神经系统和智力发展的敏感期,促进神经系统和智力的发展,同样可以通过体育运动的途径来实现。以往人们从事运动多以促进生长发育、增强体质、缓解心理压力、提供社会交际的机会及培养良好的意志品质和高尚的道德情操等为目的,虽然这些运动都会在一定程度上促进神经系统和智力的发展,但是目的性和针对性不强。在认识到运动能够促进神经系统发展以及注意力、反应能力、平衡性和协调性与神经系统关系密切的基础上,本文探索性地使用与注意力、反应能力、平衡性和协调性相关的游戏对幼儿进行干预实验,探索这些方法、手段的锻炼效果以及对智力的影响情况,以期为幼儿运动教育探索出一种合理有效的途径。因此,本研究符合我国实施人才强国战略和重视幼儿教育的时代背景,具有一定的现实意义。本文采用文献资料法、实验法和数理统计法进行研究,将实验对象分为实验组和对照组,实验前两组在各项指标上差异不具显著性差异,符合实验要求。对照组按照幼儿园原有教学计划进行学习,在此基础上采用与注意力、反应能力、平衡性和协调性相关的游戏对实验组进行干预,实验后对两组数据进行组内和组间比较。研究结果表明,相关方法、手段对于促进幼儿反应能力的提高有一定的作用;实验后实验组和对照组在注意力、平衡性和协调性、智力等方面均有提高,但是组间差异不具显著性,均可认为是自然增长和幼儿教育的影响,可见,相关方法、手段对于与神经系统及大脑密切相关的注意力、平衡性、协调性和智力的影响不大。针对研究结果,建议在发展幼儿反应能力时,可以借鉴本研究中的相关方法、手段;类似研究者可考虑延长干预时间,提高锻炼的量和强度,进一步研究相关方法、手段的锻炼对神经系统相关能力和智力的影响。
[Abstract]:Young children are in the critical period of their rapid physical and mental development and are sensitive to the development of the nervous system and intelligence. If we use scientific and reasonable education methods to educate children, we can better promote their development. For a long time, many studies at home and abroad have confirmed that sports play an important role in the healthy development of people. Various forms of exercise need to be regulated and controlled by the brain and the central nervous system. These exercises not only promote the morphological changes of the brain and nervous system, but also improve the function of the brain and nervous system. The motor and nervous systems are based on each other and promote each other. Therefore, grasping the sensitive period of infant's nervous system and intelligence development and promoting the development of nervous system and intelligence can also be realized by the way of sports. In the past, people were engaged in sports for the purposes of promoting growth and development, strengthening physique, relieving psychological pressure, providing opportunities for social communication and cultivating good will and noble moral sentiment. Although these movements promote the nervous system and intelligence to some extent, they are not purposeful and targeted. Recognizing that exercise promotes the development of the nervous system and that attention, responsiveness, balance and coordination are closely related to the nervous system, this paper explores the use and ability of attention and response, In order to find a reasonable and effective way for children's sports education, the balance and coordination of game intervention experiments were conducted to explore these methods, the effect of exercise and the influence on intelligence. Therefore, this study accords with the era background of implementing the strategy of strengthening the country by talents and attaching importance to preschool education, which has certain practical significance. In this paper, the experimental subjects were divided into experimental group and control group by the methods of literature, experiment and mathematical statistics. Before the experiment, there was no significant difference in each index between the two groups, which met the requirements of the experiment. The control group was studied according to the original teaching plan of kindergarten. On this basis, games related to attention, reaction ability, balance and coordination were used to intervene in the experimental group. After the experiment, the data of the two groups were compared within and between groups. The results show that the relevant methods and methods have certain effect on promoting the children's response ability, and the experimental group and the control group have improved their attention, balance, coordination, intelligence and so on, after the experiment, the experimental group and the control group have improved in the aspects of attention, balance and coordination, intelligence and so on. But the difference between groups is not significant and can be regarded as the impact of natural growth and early childhood education. It can be seen that related methods and means have little effect on attention balance coordination and intelligence which are closely related to the nervous system and brain. In view of the results of the study, it is suggested that the relevant methods and means in this study can be used for reference in the development of young children's response ability; similar researchers may consider extending the intervention time, increasing the quantity and intensity of exercise, and further studying the relevant methods. The effects of physical exercise on the related abilities and intelligence of the nervous system.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G613.7

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