我国中等职业教育投入变化及DEA有效性研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 15:08

本文选题：中等职业教育　切入点：教育投入　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国经济不断发展,教育所承载的含义不断扩大,人民群众要求享有公平的接受教育的机会,同时还有更深层次的要求。我国大力普及义务教育,努力提高高等教育水平,但长期以来对中等教育,特别是中等职业教育的关注度始终不足。中等职业教育从国家的层面来说,能为我国培养一线的技术工人,提高劳动生产率以及促进经济的发展；从企业的层面来说,招聘经过中等职业教育训练的毕业生,可以有效的减少企业对工人的培训,降低成本,提高经济效益；对学生个人及家庭来说,接受了中等职业教育过程中可以培养自身技能,增加的个人和家庭的收入,塑造人格,实现自我价值。然而,我国目前的现状是国家大力发展义务教育和高等教育,中等教育鲜有关注,而在众多类型的中等教育中,普通高中一般被看作是连接初等教育和高等教育的桥梁而备受学生及学生家长追捧,中等职业教育,包括中专、技校、职业高中等都被看作是成绩不好的学生“分流”的地方,普遍被认为学生素质较低,导致学生及家长宁可交高额的赞助费进高中,也不愿意让学生接受中等职业教育。吸引不到好的足量的生源,也就吸引不到优秀的师资,导致我国中等职业教育不平衡的发展,造成我国现在大学毕业生数量庞大,求职困难,然而技术工人却十分稀缺的现状。近几年来,党和政府越来越关注和重视我国中等职业教育的发展。2nn5年,我国政府在《国务院关于大力发展职业教育的决定》(国发[2005]35号)中提出了“大力发展职业教育,加快人力资源开发,是落实科教兴国战略和人才强国战略,推进我国走新型工业化道路、解决‘三农’问题、促进再就业的重大举措；是全面提高国民素质,把我国巨大人口压力转化为人力资源优势,提升我国综合国力、构建和谐社会重要途径；是贯彻党的教育方针,遵循教育规律,实现教育事业全面协调可持续发展的必然要求。”根据我国的国情,以及教育成本分担理论、教育对经济发展的促进作用等可以发现,中等职业教育的经费投入主体依然应该是政府投入。1998-2009年统计数据显示,我国对中等职业教育投入的数额逐年增加,但是横向比较,对中职教育投入占总投入的比例较基础教育和高等教育却不断下降,波动变化。虽然对中等职业教育的经费投入依然是不足的,但是根据我国的现状,想要在短时间内大规模提高对中职教育的投入是不现实的,因此在有限的投资规模下,如何提高投入和支出的效率,用同样的经费培养更多符合社会及企业要求的学生,优化资源配置,实现全国东、中、西部地区平衡发展是我们需要研究的重要课题。本文也将尝试使用数据包络分析方法(DEA Data Envelopment Analysis)计算我国东、中、西部中等职业教育投入、支出已经生均支出的效率,并给出政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of our economy, the meaning of education is constantly expanding, and the masses of the people demand a fair opportunity to receive education. At the same time, there are still deeper demands. Our country vigorously popularizes compulsory education and strives to improve the level of higher education. But for a long time the attention to the secondary education, especially the secondary vocational education, has always been insufficient. From the national level, the secondary vocational education can train the technical workers in the front line for our country, improve the labor productivity and promote the development of the economy. From the enterprise level, recruiting graduates with secondary vocational education and training can effectively reduce the training of workers, reduce costs and increase economic benefits. In the process of receiving secondary vocational education, one can cultivate one's own skills, increase the income of individuals and families, mold personality and realize self-worth. However, the present situation of our country is to vigorously develop compulsory education and higher education. There is little concern about secondary education, and among the many types of secondary education, ordinary high schools are generally regarded as a bridge between primary and higher education and are sought after by students and their parents. Vocational high schools and other places are regarded as "diversion" of students with poor grades, and are generally considered to be of low quality, leading students and parents to pay high sponsorship fees to go to high schools. They are also unwilling to let students receive secondary vocational education. If they do not attract a good enough number of students, they will not attract excellent teachers. This will lead to the unbalanced development of secondary vocational education in our country, resulting in a large number of university graduates in our country now. Job hunting is difficult, but skilled workers are scarce. In recent years, the Party and the government have paid more and more attention to the development of secondary vocational education in China for 5 years. In the decision of the State Council on vigorously developing Vocational Education (Guofa [2005] 35), our government put forward "vigorously developing vocational education." Speeding up the development of human resources is a major measure to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country by talents, to promote our country to take a new road of industrialization, to solve the problem of "three rural areas," and to promote re-employment, and to comprehensively improve the quality of the people. It is an important way to transform the huge population pressure of our country into the superiority of human resources, to enhance our comprehensive national strength, to build a harmonious society, to carry out the educational policy of the Party, and to follow the educational laws. The inevitable requirement for the overall coordinated and sustainable development of education. "according to the national conditions of our country and the theory of sharing the cost of education, we can find that the role of education in promoting economic development can be found. The main body of investment in secondary vocational education should still be the government input. The statistical data from 1998 to 2009 show that the amount of investment in secondary vocational education in China is increasing year by year, but compared horizontally, Compared with basic education and higher education, the proportion of investment in secondary vocational education is declining and fluctuating. Although the investment in secondary vocational education is still insufficient, but according to the current situation of our country, It is not realistic to increase the investment in secondary vocational education in a short period of time, so how to improve the efficiency of investment and expenditure under the limited investment scale, and to train more students who meet the requirements of society and enterprises with the same funds. Optimizing resource allocation and achieving balanced development in the east, middle and west regions of the country is an important subject that we need to study. This paper will also try to use the method of DEA Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the input of secondary vocational education in the east, middle and west of China. The efficiency of spending per student has been increased, and policy recommendations are given.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G717

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