牡丹江市农村中等职业教育问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-27 15:17

【摘要】：中国是一个发展中的农业大国，其总人口和在校学生数的70%左右在农村，这一现状将农村教育尤其是发展农村职业教育推上了历史前沿。农村中等职业教育业是促进我国农村社会全面发展，建设社会主义新农村重要保障。而农村中等职业教育作为提高劳动者技能和改善劳动者素质的重要手段，在促进经济发展，推进城市化进程，实现再就业和人力资源的优化与升级等方面都有着重要作用。当前，“三农”问题始终是我国经济和现代化建设的根本问题。过去农村中等职业教育为我国农业持续发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献，近年来却举步维艰，，出现招生困难和运转受阻等诸多现实问题，已经引起专家学者的广泛关注，纷纷发表意见和看法。对已有研究所提出的对策大致归纳为：建立实习工厂、区域性产教结合，改革传统教学模式等，这些探讨大多是对影响农村中等职业教育发展的某一具体问题进行研究，系统的阐述较少。本文以黑龙江省牡丹江市农村中等职业教育为例，对我市农村职业教育的改革与发展的总体状况进行了研究和探索。作者在深入调查研究牡丹江市农村中等职业教育现状的基础上，指出了当前我市农村中等职业教育存在的主要问题和不足之处，这些问题和不足之处突出地表现在：招生人数下跌、农村中等职业学校出现了招生难；经费投入不足，办学条件差，教学质量不高；结构布局不合理，区域发展不平衡；在专业结构及课程设置上不适应新时期农村经济发展的需要；培养目标定位不合理，教学内容陈旧，教学形式单一，教学环节脱离农业生产实际，为农村服务能力不强；农村职校教育机制不灵活，面向社会办学力度不大，办学效益不高，办学活力不强。本文从上述现象入手，结合牡丹江市农村中等职业教育的主要问题和现实状况，作者根据产业结构调整、市场经济和农村经济建设对人才的需求，运用相关的概念界定及基础理论，采用调查法、经验总结法、文献检索法和实证分析法等研究方法，通过总结国内外发展农村中等职业教育的历史经验和教训，分析了阻碍我国农村中等职业教育发展的社会原因和内部原因，并从进一步提高对农村中等职业教育重要性和紧迫性的认识、采取因地制宜、分区发展、合理配置职教资源和优化布局结构、搞好专业建设、确立具有针对性、适应性的教学目标体系、改变单一的教学模式、改革课程模式、灵活教学管理方式、加强职业指导、加强“双师型”职教师资队伍建设、加强实习基地建设、强化为农村服务、大力开展各种培训和加强职业指导等方面提出了进一步改革与发展农村中等职业教育的措施和对策。
[Abstract]:China is a developing agricultural country, its total population and about 70% of the number of students in school in rural areas, this situation has pushed rural education, especially the development of rural vocational education to the forefront of history. Rural secondary vocational education is an important guarantee to promote the all-round development of rural society and build a new socialist countryside. As an important means to improve the skills and quality of workers, rural secondary vocational education plays an important role in promoting economic development, promoting the process of urbanization, realizing re-employment and the optimization and upgrading of human resources. At present, the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has always been the fundamental problem of China's economy and modernization. In the past, secondary vocational education in rural areas has made indelible contributions to the sustainable development of agriculture in China, but in recent years, many practical problems, such as difficulties in enrollment and obstruction of operation, have attracted extensive attention of experts and scholars and expressed their opinions and views. The countermeasures put forward by the existing research institutes are summarized as follows: the establishment of practice factory, the combination of regional production and education, the reform of traditional teaching mode and so on. Most of these discussions are to study a specific problem that affects the development of rural secondary vocational education, and the systematic exposition is less. Taking the rural secondary vocational education in Mudanjiang City of Heilongjiang Province as an example, this paper studies and explores the overall situation of the reform and development of rural vocational education in our city. On the basis of in-depth investigation and study on the present situation of rural secondary vocational education in Mudanjiang City, the author points out the main problems and shortcomings of rural secondary vocational education in our city at present. These problems and shortcomings are manifested in the decline of enrollment, the difficulty of enrollment in rural secondary vocational schools, the shortage of funds, the poor conditions of running schools, the low quality of teaching, the unreasonable structure and the imbalance of regional development. The professional structure and curriculum are not suitable for the development of rural economy in the new period; the orientation of training goal is unreasonable, the teaching content is old, the teaching form is single, the teaching link is divorced from the reality of agricultural production, and the ability to serve the countryside is not strong; the educational mechanism of rural vocational school is not flexible, the strength of running a school facing the society is not great, the efficiency of running a school is not high, and the vitality of running a school is not strong. Starting from the above phenomena, combined with the main problems and reality of rural secondary vocational education in Mudanjiang City, according to the adjustment of industrial structure, the demand for talents in market economy and rural economic construction, the author uses the relevant concept definition and basic theory, adopts the methods of investigation, experience summary, literature retrieval and empirical analysis, etc. By summing up the historical experience and lessons of developing rural secondary vocational education at home and abroad, this paper analyzes on the social and internal reasons hindering the development of rural secondary vocational education in China, and from further improving the understanding of the importance and urgency of rural secondary vocational education, adopts measures adapted to local conditions, regional development, rational allocation of vocational education resources and optimization of layout structure, doing a good job in professional construction, and establishing pertinence. Adaptive teaching target system, changing single teaching mode, reforming curriculum mode, flexible teaching management mode, strengthening vocational guidance, strengthening the construction of "double-qualified" vocational education teachers, strengthening the construction of practice base, strengthening service for rural areas, vigorously carrying out various training and strengthening vocational guidance, this paper puts forward some measures and countermeasures for further reforming and developing rural secondary vocational education.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G719.2

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