2-6岁在园幼儿受挫的缘由与反应

发布时间：2018-09-19 13:04

【摘要】：本研究采用自然情境观察法,对北京市幼儿园大班、中班、小班、托班各9个班的2—6岁儿童在园一日生活中遭遇挫折的情况进行了观察,结果显示2—6岁在园儿童普遍遭遇过挫折事件;其受挫事件主要发生在游戏活动中,并主要由他人(教师或同伴)引发;儿童在面临挫折时以哭、愤怒等消极情绪反应为主,以攻击和大喊等向外行为反应为主,反应持续时间平均为10.6分钟。幼儿园一方面应利用挫折事件发生的契机引导儿童正确认识与积极应对挫折事件,增强儿童的抗挫折能力,另一方面应努力避免让儿童在园遭遇过度挫折。为此,教师应努力建立与维持良好的师生关系,引导儿童同伴交往的良性发展,并在儿童遭遇挫折时给予最大的宽容与充满爱心的耐心安慰和支持。
[Abstract]:Using the method of natural situational observation, this study observed the frustration of children aged 2 to 6 years old in 9 classes of kindergarten in Beijing, including large class, middle class, small class and small class. The results showed that children between 2 and 6 years of age generally encountered setbacks, which mainly occurred in play activities and were mainly caused by others (teachers or peers), and the negative emotional reactions such as crying, anger and so on were the main reactions of children in the face of frustration. The reaction time was 10.6 minutes on average. On the one hand, kindergarten should take advantage of the opportunity of frustration to guide children to correctly understand and actively deal with setbacks, and strengthen children's ability to resist setbacks, on the other hand, we should try to avoid excessive setbacks for children in the garden. Therefore, teachers should strive to establish and maintain a good teacher-student relationship, guide the healthy development of children's peer communication, and give them the greatest tolerance and loving patience and support when they encounter setbacks.
【作者单位】：中华女子学院儿童发展与教育学院;
【基金】：中华女子学院课题“3-6岁幼儿面临挫折的反应方式及应对策略研究”(编号:KY200303)的后续研究成果
【分类号】：G610

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