The Impact of Trade Openness on the Human Capital through Tr
发布时间：2023-04-02 14:06
2015年,联合国制定了可持续发展目标,主要目标是到2030年底消除贫困,保护地球,确保全球繁荣。2013年,中国政府发起“一带一路”倡议,有力推动了“一带一路”建设。坚持可持续发展目标,重点是促进技术转让、经济增长和严格的环境法规,以建设一个更美好的世界。“一带一路”倡议高度促进贸易开放、科技创新和人力资本提升。因此,有相当多的关注和证据支持工资水平、技术进步、资本投资和信贷约束对人力资本的影响。然而,它伴随着环境恶化的机会成本和实现目标的担忧。因此,环境监管和相关政府政策也是贸易开放影响人力资本的重要视角。从传统的机制(工资价格机制、技术进步机制、资金投入机制和信贷约束机制)和当代新的潜在环境规制机制等方面考察贸易开放对人力资本的影响。理论基础进一步得到人力资本理论、工资理论、经典增长理论、新古典增长理论、内生增长理论、环境和可持续增长理论的支持。本文的研究从传统的工资价格机制、技术进步机制、资金投入机制和信用约束机制以及环境规制的角度上建立了贸易开放对人力资本水平影响的基本假设。从贸易开放度和人力资本水平的角度,为具有类似经济、金融和技术条件的“一带一路”国家积极实施更严格的环境...
【文章页数】：165 页
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Problem Statement
1.1.1 Research Background and Problem Statement
1.1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study
1.1.3 Research Questions for the Study
1.1.4 Significance of the Study
1.2 Research Content
1.3 Research Methodologies
1.4 Territorial Overview of the Study
1.5 Innovation and Motivation of the Study
Chapter2 Theoretical Basis and Literature Review
2.1 Theoretical Foundation
2.1.1 Human Capital Theory
2.1.2 Wage Theory
2.1.3 Classical Growth Theory
2.1.4 New Classical Growth Theory
2.1.5 Endogenous Growth Theory
2.1.6 Theory of Sustainable Development for Environment and Economy
2.2 Contribution to Theoretical Foundation
2.3 Literature Review
2.3.1 Trade Openness
2.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment
2.3.3 Wage Level Mechanism
2.3.4 Educational fund input
2.3.5 Technological Progress
2.3.6 Credit Constraints
2.3.7 Environmental laws
2.4 Gaps in Existing Literature
Chapter 3 Theoretical Model and Hypothesis Development
3.1 The Theoretical Model
3.2 Conceptual Framework of the Study
3.3 Hypothesis Development
3.3.1 Trade Openness and Human Capital
3.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital
3.3.3 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Wage Levels
3.3.4 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Educational fund input
3.3.5 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Technological Progress
3.3.6 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Credit Constraint
3.3.7 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Environmental laws
Chapter4 Research Methodology and Preliminary Results
4.1 Sample and Methodology
4.2 Measurement of Variables
4.2.1 Wage Level
4.2.2 Trade Openness
4.2.3 Foreign Direct Investment
4.2.4 Educational Fund Input
4.2.5 Economic Growth
4.2.6 Research and Development
4.2.7 Energy Input used
4.2.8 Carbon Dioxide Emissions
4.2.9 Level of Human Capital
4.3 Analytical Procedure and Pre-estimation of Measurement Model
4.4 Multicollinearity Estimates of Measurement Model
4.4.1 Correlation Matrix
4.4.2 Variance Inflation Factor for Model Fit
4.5 Variables Information
4.6 Descriptive Statistics
4.7 Post Estimation Diagnostic Test for Model Selection
4.7.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Test(Pooled OLS Model)
4.7.2 Cumby-Huizinga Autocorrelation Test(Pooled OLS Model)
4.7.3 Wald Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Test(Random Effect and Fixed Effect Model)
4.7.4 Wooldridge Serial Correlation F-Test(Random Effect and Fixed Effect Model)
4.7.5 Pesaran’s Cross-Sectional Correlation Test(Random Effect and Fixed Effect Model)
4.7.6 Arellano-Bond(AR2)Test(Diff GMM and Sys-GMM Models)
4.7.7 Hansen and Sargan Test(Diff GMM and Sys-GMM Models)
4.7.8 Difference in Hansen Test-for Exogenity(Diff GMM and Sys-GMM Models)
4.8 Measurement Model
4.8.1 Static Panel Models
4.8.2 Robust Dynamic Panel Models(Diff-GMM and Sys-GMM)
Chapter5 The impact of Trade Openness on Human Capital:Through Wage-Level and Fund-Input Mechanisms
5.1 Conceptual Model:The effect of Trade Openness on the Human Capital through Wage levels and Fund Input Mechanisms
5.2 Model Construction
5.3 Static Panel Data Modeling
5.3.1 Pooled Ordinary Least Square Model
5.3.2 Random Effect Model
5.3.3 Fixed Effect Model
5.4 Post-Estimation Static Panel Data Model Testing
5.4.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Check-Pooled OLS Model
5.4.2 Cumby-Huizinga Test-Autocorrelation Check-Pooled OLS Model
5.4.3 Wald Test-Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Check-RE and FE Models
5.4.4 Wooldridge F-Test-Serial Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
5.4.5 Pesaran’s Test-Cross-Sectional Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
5.5 Robust Dynamic Panel Data Modeling
5.5.1 Robust Difference Generalized Moment Method(Diff-GMM)
5.5.2 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM)
5.6 Post-Estimation Robust Dynamic Panel Data Model Testing
5.6.1 Arellano-Bond’s(AR2) -Over-Identification Test
5.6.2 Hansen and Sargan Test-Serial Correlation Test
5.6.3 Difference in Hansen Test-Exogeneity Test for Valid Instruments
5.7 Discussion and Contribution of Sample
Chapter6 The impact of Trade Openness,Technological Progress and Credit Constraint Mechanism on the Human Capital
6.1 Conceptual Model:The influence of Trade Openness,Technological Progress and Credit Constraint Mechanisms on the Human Capital
6.2 Model Construction
6.3 Static Panel Data Modeling
6.3.1 Pooled Ordinary Least Square Model
6.3.2 Random Effect Model
6.3.3 Fixed Effect Model
6.4 Post-Estimation Static Panel Data Model Testing
6.4.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Check-Pooled OLS Model
6.4.2 Cumby-Huizinga Test-Autocorrelation Check-Pooled OLS Model
6.4.3 Wald Test-Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Check-RE and FE Models
6.4.4 Wooldridge F-Test-Serial Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
6.4.5 Pesaran’s Test-Cross-Sectional Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
6.5 Robust Dynamic Panel Data Modeling
6.5.1 Robust Difference Generalized Moment Method(Diff-GMM)
6.5.2 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM)
6.6 Post-Estimation Robust Dynamic Panel Data Model Testing
6.6.1 Arellano-Bond’s(AR2) -Over-Identification Test
6.6.2 Hansen and Sargan Test-Serial Correlation Test
6.6.3 Difference in Hansen Test-Exogeneity Test for Valid Instruments
6.7 Discussion and Contribution of Sample
Chapter7 The impact of Openness of Trade on the Human Capital:Through Environmental Mechanism
7.1 Conceptual Model:The influence of Trade Openness on Human Capital:through Traditional and Contemporary Mechanisms
7.2 Model Construction
7.3 Static Panel Data Modeling
7.3.1 Pooled Ordinary Least Square Model
7.3.2 Random Effect Model
7.3.3 Fixed Effect Model
7.4 Post-Estimation Static Panel Data Model Testing
7.4.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Check-Pooled OLS Model
7.4.2 Cumby-Huizinga Test-Autocorrelation Check-Pooled OLS Model
7.4.3 Wald Test-Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Check-RE and FE Models
7.4.4 Wooldridge F-Test-Serial Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
7.4.5 Pesaran’s Test-Cross-Sectional Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
7.5 Robust Dynamic Panel Data Modeling
7.5.1 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Linear Effects)
7.5.2 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Non-Linear Effects)
7.5.3 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Synergy Effects)
7.5.4 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Overall Model)
7.6 Post-Estimation Robust Dynamic Panel Data Model Testing
7.6.1 Arellano-Bond’s(AR2) -Over-Identification Test
7.6.2 Hansen Test-Serial Correlation Test
7.6.3 Difference in Hansen Test-Exogeneity Test for Valid Instruments
7.7 Discussion and Contribution of Sample
Chapter8 Discussion,Conclusions,and Implications
8.1 General Discussion
8.2 Conclusion
8.3 Implications and Suggestions
8.4 Limitations and Future Recommendations
References
Publications
本文编号：3779358
【文章页数】：165 页
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Problem Statement
1.1.1 Research Background and Problem Statement
1.1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study
1.1.3 Research Questions for the Study
1.1.4 Significance of the Study
1.2 Research Content
1.3 Research Methodologies
1.4 Territorial Overview of the Study
1.5 Innovation and Motivation of the Study
Chapter2 Theoretical Basis and Literature Review
2.1 Theoretical Foundation
2.1.1 Human Capital Theory
2.1.2 Wage Theory
2.1.3 Classical Growth Theory
2.1.4 New Classical Growth Theory
2.1.5 Endogenous Growth Theory
2.1.6 Theory of Sustainable Development for Environment and Economy
2.2 Contribution to Theoretical Foundation
2.3 Literature Review
2.3.1 Trade Openness
2.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment
2.3.3 Wage Level Mechanism
2.3.4 Educational fund input
2.3.5 Technological Progress
2.3.6 Credit Constraints
2.3.7 Environmental laws
2.4 Gaps in Existing Literature
Chapter 3 Theoretical Model and Hypothesis Development
3.1 The Theoretical Model
3.2 Conceptual Framework of the Study
3.3 Hypothesis Development
3.3.1 Trade Openness and Human Capital
3.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital
3.3.3 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Wage Levels
3.3.4 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Educational fund input
3.3.5 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Technological Progress
3.3.6 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Credit Constraint
3.3.7 Trade Openness,Human Capital and Environmental laws
Chapter4 Research Methodology and Preliminary Results
4.1 Sample and Methodology
4.2 Measurement of Variables
4.2.1 Wage Level
4.2.2 Trade Openness
4.2.3 Foreign Direct Investment
4.2.4 Educational Fund Input
4.2.5 Economic Growth
4.2.6 Research and Development
4.2.7 Energy Input used
4.2.8 Carbon Dioxide Emissions
4.2.9 Level of Human Capital
4.3 Analytical Procedure and Pre-estimation of Measurement Model
4.4 Multicollinearity Estimates of Measurement Model
4.4.1 Correlation Matrix
4.4.2 Variance Inflation Factor for Model Fit
4.5 Variables Information
4.6 Descriptive Statistics
4.7 Post Estimation Diagnostic Test for Model Selection
4.7.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Test(Pooled OLS Model)
4.7.2 Cumby-Huizinga Autocorrelation Test(Pooled OLS Model)
4.7.3 Wald Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Test(Random Effect and Fixed Effect Model)
4.7.4 Wooldridge Serial Correlation F-Test(Random Effect and Fixed Effect Model)
4.7.5 Pesaran’s Cross-Sectional Correlation Test(Random Effect and Fixed Effect Model)
4.7.6 Arellano-Bond(AR2)Test(Diff GMM and Sys-GMM Models)
4.7.7 Hansen and Sargan Test(Diff GMM and Sys-GMM Models)
4.7.8 Difference in Hansen Test-for Exogenity(Diff GMM and Sys-GMM Models)
4.8 Measurement Model
4.8.1 Static Panel Models
4.8.2 Robust Dynamic Panel Models(Diff-GMM and Sys-GMM)
Chapter5 The impact of Trade Openness on Human Capital:Through Wage-Level and Fund-Input Mechanisms
5.1 Conceptual Model:The effect of Trade Openness on the Human Capital through Wage levels and Fund Input Mechanisms
5.2 Model Construction
5.3 Static Panel Data Modeling
5.3.1 Pooled Ordinary Least Square Model
5.3.2 Random Effect Model
5.3.3 Fixed Effect Model
5.4 Post-Estimation Static Panel Data Model Testing
5.4.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Check-Pooled OLS Model
5.4.2 Cumby-Huizinga Test-Autocorrelation Check-Pooled OLS Model
5.4.3 Wald Test-Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Check-RE and FE Models
5.4.4 Wooldridge F-Test-Serial Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
5.4.5 Pesaran’s Test-Cross-Sectional Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
5.5 Robust Dynamic Panel Data Modeling
5.5.1 Robust Difference Generalized Moment Method(Diff-GMM)
5.5.2 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM)
5.6 Post-Estimation Robust Dynamic Panel Data Model Testing
5.6.1 Arellano-Bond’s(AR2) -Over-Identification Test
5.6.2 Hansen and Sargan Test-Serial Correlation Test
5.6.3 Difference in Hansen Test-Exogeneity Test for Valid Instruments
5.7 Discussion and Contribution of Sample
Chapter6 The impact of Trade Openness,Technological Progress and Credit Constraint Mechanism on the Human Capital
6.1 Conceptual Model:The influence of Trade Openness,Technological Progress and Credit Constraint Mechanisms on the Human Capital
6.2 Model Construction
6.3 Static Panel Data Modeling
6.3.1 Pooled Ordinary Least Square Model
6.3.2 Random Effect Model
6.3.3 Fixed Effect Model
6.4 Post-Estimation Static Panel Data Model Testing
6.4.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Check-Pooled OLS Model
6.4.2 Cumby-Huizinga Test-Autocorrelation Check-Pooled OLS Model
6.4.3 Wald Test-Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Check-RE and FE Models
6.4.4 Wooldridge F-Test-Serial Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
6.4.5 Pesaran’s Test-Cross-Sectional Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
6.5 Robust Dynamic Panel Data Modeling
6.5.1 Robust Difference Generalized Moment Method(Diff-GMM)
6.5.2 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM)
6.6 Post-Estimation Robust Dynamic Panel Data Model Testing
6.6.1 Arellano-Bond’s(AR2) -Over-Identification Test
6.6.2 Hansen and Sargan Test-Serial Correlation Test
6.6.3 Difference in Hansen Test-Exogeneity Test for Valid Instruments
6.7 Discussion and Contribution of Sample
Chapter7 The impact of Openness of Trade on the Human Capital:Through Environmental Mechanism
7.1 Conceptual Model:The influence of Trade Openness on Human Capital:through Traditional and Contemporary Mechanisms
7.2 Model Construction
7.3 Static Panel Data Modeling
7.3.1 Pooled Ordinary Least Square Model
7.3.2 Random Effect Model
7.3.3 Fixed Effect Model
7.4 Post-Estimation Static Panel Data Model Testing
7.4.1 White Test-Heteroscedasticity Check-Pooled OLS Model
7.4.2 Cumby-Huizinga Test-Autocorrelation Check-Pooled OLS Model
7.4.3 Wald Test-Intergroup Heteroscedasticity Check-RE and FE Models
7.4.4 Wooldridge F-Test-Serial Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
7.4.5 Pesaran’s Test-Cross-Sectional Correlation Check-RE and FE Models
7.5 Robust Dynamic Panel Data Modeling
7.5.1 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Linear Effects)
7.5.2 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Non-Linear Effects)
7.5.3 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Synergy Effects)
7.5.4 Robust Systematic Generalized Moment Method(Sys-GMM with Overall Model)
7.6 Post-Estimation Robust Dynamic Panel Data Model Testing
7.6.1 Arellano-Bond’s(AR2) -Over-Identification Test
7.6.2 Hansen Test-Serial Correlation Test
7.6.3 Difference in Hansen Test-Exogeneity Test for Valid Instruments
7.7 Discussion and Contribution of Sample
Chapter8 Discussion,Conclusions,and Implications
8.1 General Discussion
8.2 Conclusion
8.3 Implications and Suggestions
8.4 Limitations and Future Recommendations
References
Publications
本文编号：3779358
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