社会分工、成本分摊与农机作业服务产业的出现——以冀豫鲁三省农业机械化发展为例

发布时间：2018-07-13 08:25

【摘要】：农机作业服务是中国在机械化进程中探索出来的特殊产业模式。该模式从根本上克服了"农户小规模经营与大马力机械需求"之间的矛盾,从而推动了中国农业机械化的快速发展。基于此,从社会分工角度而言,农机作业服务产业的出现是有其内在的经济原因的。研究表明:第一,在人工成本上升与购机补贴政策的共同推动下,劳动力与机械相对成本越来越高,由此也诱发农民强烈的农机使用需求;第二,受限于小规模经营的资源条件和农业收入水平低下的经济状况,小农一家一户无法负担农机的购置成本;第三,社会分工产生农机作业服务产业,有利于将高昂的农机购置成本在多个农户间进行分担,是解决农机高需求和农户低购买力矛盾的有效途径。
[Abstract]:Agricultural machinery service is a special industrial model explored by China in the process of mechanization. This model fundamentally overcomes the contradiction between "peasant household small scale operation and large horsepower machinery demand", thus promoting the rapid development of Chinese agricultural mechanization. Based on this, from the angle of social division of labor, the emergence of agricultural machinery service industry has its own economic reasons. The results show that: first, the relative cost of labor and machinery is higher and higher, which also induces the farmers' strong demand for the use of agricultural machinery. Limited by the resource conditions of small-scale operation and the low level of agricultural income, small farmers can not afford the purchase cost of agricultural machinery. Third, the social division of labor produces agricultural machinery service industry. It is advantageous to share the high purchase cost of agricultural machinery among many farmers and is an effective way to solve the contradiction between high demand for agricultural machinery and low purchasing power of farmers.
【作者单位】：华南农业大学经济管理学院;中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目“农村土地与相关要素市场培育与改革研究”(71333004) 华南农业大学青年科技人才培育项目国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于改革视角下国家粮食安全问题研究”(14ZDA041)
【分类号】：F323.3

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