民事法律行为制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 12:09

本文选题：民事法律行为　切入点：构成　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事法律行为制度是民法的核心制度之一。现今大陆法系各国普遍确定了法律行为制度。2017年3月15日正式颁布的《民法总则》在吸纳学界主要研究成果的基础上,对民事法律行为制度进行了诸多创新性的改造。如修正了民事法律行为的“合法性质”的立法认定;修正了“民事行为”的用语,明确使用了“无效民事法律行为”、“可撤销民事法律行为”等概念;将“乘人之危”与“显失公平”合并,纳入可撤销的民事法律行为之列;增设了“虚假表示”和“第三人欺诈”的行为种类;增设了撤销权的除斥期间及撤销权放弃规则等,优化了民事法律行为制度。然而,民事法律行为制度的诸多问题仍然存在着争议,对民事法律行为制度的探究仍然具有十分重要的意义。文章首先通过对民事法律行为制度的历史沿革、概念界定以及功能进行阐述,从宏观上对民事法律行为制度进行理解与把握,为后续的研究奠定一定的理论基础。文章分别从民事法律行为的构成、民事法律行为的成立以及民事法律行为的效力三个方面具体展开对民事法律行为制度的研究。具体而言,在民事法律行为构成方面,结合相关的理论学说对民事法律行为当事人、民事法律行为标的以及意思表示进行分析,并阐述其面临科技的进步与发展所受到的具体的影响,在此基础上提出对民事法律行为构成的完善建议;在民事法律行为的成立方面,对民事法律行为的成立要件与生效要件进行分析,同时,对民事法律行为成立与生效的区分问题进行论述,并结合时代的背景,阐述民事法律行为成立的变化趋势,在此基础上提出完善民事法律行为成立的立法建议;在民事法律行为效力方面,分析了民事法律行为效力的类型以及禁止性规范对民事法律行为效力的影响,并阐述面临电子商务的发展,民事法律行为效力受到的冲击与影响,在此基础上提出完善民事法律行为效力的立法建议。文章采用了文献研究法、语义分析法、比较分析法等研究方法,针对科技的发展与时代的进步为民事法律行为在构成、成立以及效力方面带来的新变化,并结合《民法总则》等法律规定,提出具体的立法建议,期待进一步完善民事法律行为制度。
[Abstract]:Civil legal behavior system is one of the core systems of civil law.At present, the civil law system is generally established in the countries of civil law system. The General principles of Civil Law, promulgated on March 15, 2017, have carried out many innovative reforms on the basis of absorbing the main research results of academic circles.For example, the legislative recognition of "legal nature" of civil legal acts is amended, the terms of "civil acts" are amended, and the concepts of "invalid civil legal acts" and "revocable civil legal acts" are clearly used.The combination of "taking advantage of the danger of others" and "manifestly unfair" is included in the list of revocable civil legal acts; the categories of "false representation" and "third party fraud" are added; the extermination period of the right of rescission and the rules of waiver of the right of rescission are added, etc.The system of civil legal acts is optimized.However, many problems still exist in the system of civil legal acts, and it is still of great significance to explore the system of civil legal acts.Firstly, through the historical evolution, concept definition and function of the civil legal act system, this paper expounds the macroscopic understanding and grasp of the civil legal act system, and lays a certain theoretical foundation for the subsequent research.This paper studies the system of civil legal acts from three aspects: the constitution of civil legal acts, the establishment of civil legal acts and the effectiveness of civil legal acts.Specifically, in the aspect of the constitution of civil legal acts, combined with relevant theories and theories, the parties to civil legal acts, the object of civil legal acts and the expression of intention are analyzed.On the basis of the concrete influence of the progress and development of science and technology, the author puts forward some suggestions to perfect the constitution of civil legal act, the establishment of civil legal act, the establishment of civil legal act, the establishment of civil legal act, and the establishment of civil legal act.This paper analyzes the elements of the establishment and the effective elements of the civil legal act, at the same time, discusses the distinction between the establishment and the validity of the civil legal act, and expounds the changing trend of the establishment of the civil legal act in combination with the background of the times.On this basis, the author puts forward some legislative suggestions to perfect the establishment of civil legal acts, analyzes the types of civil legal acts' effectiveness and the influence of prohibited norms on the effectiveness of civil legal acts in terms of the effectiveness of civil legal acts.In the face of the development of electronic commerce, the impact and influence on the effectiveness of civil legal acts are expounded. On the basis of this, legislative suggestions to improve the effectiveness of civil legal acts are put forward.This paper adopts the methods of literature research, semantic analysis, comparative analysis and so on, aiming at the new changes brought about by the development of science and technology and the progress of the times in the aspects of constitution, establishment and effectiveness of civil legal acts.Combined with the general principles of civil law and other legal provisions, this paper puts forward specific legislative suggestions, and expects to further improve the civil legal act system.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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