嵌入性视角下高新技术企业位势跃迁路径研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 22:24

本文选题：高新技术企业 + 企业位势　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高新技术产业由于技术含量高、市场不确定强及风险收益高等特点,已经成为了知识经济时代的支柱性产业,成为了推动世界经济发展的主力"发动机",甚至成为了衡量一个国家综合国力水平强弱的重要指标。进入21世纪以来,人类开启了科学发展的新纪元,以高新技术产业为主导的知识经济革命和科学技术革命浪潮对人们的生活产生了巨大的影响。也正是这一时代背景的到来,高新技术产业得以呈现井喷式的发展,电子商务、移动互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能和移动智能通信等已经渗透到了人们日常生活的各个角落,完全颠覆了人们传统的生活习惯和认知观念。然而,高新技术产业的竞争环境不确定性非常强,是动态的、难以预测的,特别是新技术的不确定性和经济效益的不确定性,已成为了高新技术企业所面临的最大挑战。其次,纵观近年我国高新技术产业的发展状况,可以看出高新技术产业中企业的发展轨迹并不同于以往传统行业,非线性发展轨迹成为了高新技术产业的独有特性。如移动支付、互联网金融、智能手机等,它们的诞生和发展不过短短几年,就能对整个行业产生颠覆式的影响,这种后发的突破和逆袭现象以及竞争对手的无形化已成为了高新技术产业中的常态。此外,高新技术产业内信息和技术更新的频率特别快,相对于其他产业高新技术的产品生命周期很短。每一项高新技术产品或服务的诞生到成功运用于人们的日常生活的时间周期都相对较运,随着消费者需求的日趋多样性,以消费者需求为导向的高新技术为了满足其多样化的消费需求,高新技术产品和服务也必须时刻保持先进性和持续创新性,稍有不慎便会被产业竞争者所取代。在这种情况下,高新技术企业面临着更加激烈的竞争格局,层出不穷的不确定性在给高技术企业制造"麻烦"的同时,也在不断地创造新的市场与新的机会,这将直接导致高新技术企业永远处于竞争的风口浪尖,能否赢得竞争、在产业链中实现向高位势的跃迁,很大程度上取决于企业在实现位势跃迁时路径的选择。因而,高新技术企业若想摆脱这一长期困境,就必须找到适合自己的发展路径,在整个高新技术产业链条中实现位势跃迁,实现从"低位势"向"高位势"的跨越。本文针对高新技术企业为努力摆脱"低位势'"的窘境、实现位势跃迁的行为进行研究,对其非线性结构的位势跃迁方式进行深入的研究,提出了"嵌入性视角下高新技术企业位势跃迁路径"的研究命题。首先对国内外研究现状进行系统地研究,从嵌入性、企业位势、中心度、结构洞、凝聚子群等相关概念及研究综述入手,继而提出高新技术企业"位势跃迁路径'"的概念。本文采取多案例的研究方法,选取了腾讯微信支付、阿里金融和华为手机通信这三家本土高新技术企业的细分业务作为样本案例,对这些案例企业进行相应的访谈,并对企业总结、档案、新闻报道和CNKI搜索研究文献等档案资料的整理,并通过案例内分析和跨案例分析,笔者提炼出了高新技术企业位势跃迁的三条可行性路径:(1)凝聚子群路径。腾讯微信支付建立在微信强大的社交能力上,在用户超过7亿的微信社交平台上每个用户都有属于自己的核心朋友圈子,在此基础上微信支付抓住了"红包文化"的主流,运用"抢红包"游戏将各个"小圈子"凝聚起来,在各个看似独立的微信用户圈子间建立了联系,并以此为媒介打开了微信的移动支付市场。微信移动支付开辟了一条凝聚子群的路径,实现了企业低位势向高位势的跨越;(2)提高网络中心度路径。阿里巴巴依托其电商平台开展金融业务,阿里金融经过一步步的探索,找准了整个社会网络的核心位置,然后再以移动支付为核心金融业务,向其他金融业务领域拓展,逐步成长为新金融模式的引领者。阿里金融的成功在于其选择了正确跃迁路径,即通过提高网络中心度,从而实现企业位势的跨越;(3)占据结构洞路径。华为前期各种资源与能力的积累和全球智能手机的兴起是其时机条件,在此基础上华为手机通过占据智能手机领域的网络结构洞,凭借其信息优势和控制优势,充分挖掘创新资源,为创新主体间的需求和供给提供及时、有效的沟通乃至信息增值服务,从而使得华为手机在短短几年内便挤进了全球智能手机市场的前三强。从社会整体网络的视角来讲,华为手机开辟了占据结构洞路径来实现企业位势的跃迁。本研究丰富了企业位势跃迁理论,为今后我国本土高新技术企业尝试位势跃迁提供了理论支撑。
[Abstract]:High technology industry has become the pillar industry in the knowledge economy era because of its high technical content, strong market uncertainty and high risk income. It has become the main engine of the development of the world economy, and even became an important indicator to measure the strength and weakness of a country's comprehensive national strength. Since twenty-first Century, the human being has opened. The new era of scientific development, the revolution of knowledge economy and the revolution of science and technology led by high and new technology industry have a great influence on people's life. It is the coming of the background of this era. The high and new technology industry is able to show the development of blowout, electronic commerce, mobile Internet, large data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence. Mobile intelligent communication has penetrated into every corner of people's daily life, completely subverting people's traditional habits and cognitive concepts. However, the competitive environment of the high-tech industry is very uncertain, dynamic and unpredictable, especially the uncertainty of the new technology and the uncertainty of economic benefits. Secondly, looking at the development of new and high technology industry in China in recent years, it can be seen that the development track of enterprises in high and new technology industry is different from the traditional industry. The nonlinear development path has become the unique characteristic of high and new technology industry, such as mobile payment, Internet Finance, smart phone and so on. Their birth and development are only a few years, and they can have a subversive effect on the whole industry. The breakthroughs and adversaries and the intangibles of the competitors have become the normal in the high and new technology industry. In addition, the frequency of information and technology updates in the high-tech industry is very fast, relative to other industries. The life cycle of the product is very short. The birth of every high-tech product or service is relatively successful in the time cycle of people's daily life. With the increasing diversity of consumer demand, the high and new technology based on consumer demand is necessary to meet its diversified consumption demand, and the high and new technology products and services are also necessary. In this case, the high and new technology enterprises are facing a more fierce competition pattern. In this case, the uncertain uncertainty is creating new market and new opportunities as well as creating new markets and new opportunities at the same time. The high and new technology enterprises are always at the sharp point of competition. Whether they can win the competition and achieve the high position in the industrial chain, it depends largely on the choice of the path when the enterprise realizes the potential transition. Therefore, if the high-tech enterprises want to get rid of this long-term predicament, they must find the suitable development path for their own. In the new technology industry chain, the potential leap is realized to realize the leap from "low potential" to "high potential". This paper studies the behavior of high and new technology enterprises to get rid of the "low potential" and realize potential transition, and makes an in-depth study on the potential transition mode of its nonlinear structure, and puts forward the "high technology under the perspective of embeddedness". First of all, the research status of domestic and foreign research is systematically studied, starting with the concepts of embeddedness, enterprise potential, centrality, structure hole, condensing subgroup and so on, and then the concept of "potential transition path" of high-tech enterprises is put forward. WeChat payment, Ali financial and HUAWEI mobile communication, the three local high-tech enterprises subdivision business as sample cases, the case of these cases of interviews, and the enterprise summary, archives, news reports and CNKI search research documents and other archives, and through case analysis and cross case analysis, the author There are three feasible paths for the potential transition of high-tech enterprises: (1) cohesive subgroup path. Tencent WeChat payment is built on the strong social ability of WeChat, and each user has its own core friend circle on the WeChat social platform over 700 million of the user, and on this basis, the WeChat payment has seized the mainstream of "red packet culture". With the "red packet" game, each "small circle" has been condensed, and a connection is established between the seemingly independent WeChat subscriber circles, and the mobile payment market of WeChat is opened as a medium. WeChat mobile payment opens a path to condense the subgroups, realizes the leapfrog of the low potential of the enterprise, and (2) improving the network centrality. The Alibaba relies on its e-commerce platform to carry out the financial business. Ali financial through a step of exploration, find the core position of the whole social network, and then take mobile payment as the core financial business, expand to other financial business areas, and gradually grow into a new financial model leader. Ali financial success lies in its choice. The correct transition path, namely by improving the network centrality, thus realizing the leap of the enterprise potential; (3) occupying the path of the structure hole. The accumulation of various resources and capabilities in the early HUAWEI and the rise of the global smart phone are its opportune conditions. On this basis, the HUAWEI mobile phone can rely on its information advantage by occupying the network structure hole in the field of smart phone. The potential and control advantage, fully excavate innovative resources, provide timely, effective communication and even information value-added services for the demand and supply of innovative subjects, thus making the HUAWEI mobile phone in the top three top of the global smartphone market in a few short years. From the perspective of the overall social network, the HUAWEI Mobile has opened up the structure hole. This study enriches the theory of potential transition of enterprises and provides theoretical support for China's local high-tech enterprises to try the potential transition in the future.

【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F276.44

【参考文献】