考虑载重与时间约束的开放式污染路径问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 12:19

本文选题：碳排放 + 开放式车辆路径问题　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界各国在注重经济发展的同时,开始重视生态环境变化,逐渐将节能减排纳入到社会发展的各个领域。特别是产生高碳排放的交通运输领域,在经济全球化和电子商务的双重推动下,物流业务量不断攀升,物流外包活动日渐频繁,第三方物流配送活动也愈来愈多,这导致了大量温室气体的产生,实施低碳运输和配送也成为了公路货运领域发展的必然趋势。合理的车辆路径决策在降低运营成本的同时也能有效的减少碳排量,因此,考虑碳排放的车辆路径问题研究已经成为了一种实现“绿色物流”的重要途径。根据节能减排在车辆路径问题中潜在的可行性以及当前的物流外包活动现状,提出了考虑载重与时间约束的开放式污染路径问题,创新之处主要体现在优化建模、算法设计与仿真分析方面,并作为本文的重点进行研究。首先,通过分析配送过程中碳排放与油耗之间的关系,构建了估算碳排放的数学模型,并基于此建立了开放式污染路径问题优化模型;其次,对各种算法的特点和优劣进行对比分析,根据模型特点,选择遗传算法作为求解算法,并基于遗传算法结合扫描算法设计了混合搜索机制,从而大大降低了遗传算法早熟的缺陷,提高了算法的求解性能;最后,通过算例进行仿真分析,对模型的可行性和算法的时效性进行了仿真实验,并考虑了物流外包活动中各方参与者的影响,从新的角度分析如何在开放式车辆路径问题中实现节能减排。车辆路径问题中碳排放受到车辆、环境、交通、司机、运营等相关方面诸多因素的影响,运营决策过程中可以针对车型选择、载重量、车速等影响碳排放的可控因素,通过优化建模和算法设计找到碳排放最少的车辆行驶路径;通过仿真实验对比分析可以得出,碳排放量与载重率、行驶距离的变化息息相关,合理规划车辆行驶路径,使行驶距离最短或者车辆的整体载重率下降,可以有效的减少碳排放;对于开放式车辆路径问题中的不同目标主体,无论是物流外包企业还是第三方物流都只是单纯地考虑经济效益,但通过不同目标方案之间的比较分析发现,各方之间也存在着一定的目标一致性,这就能通过车辆路径问题优化找到满足各方利益要求的配送方案。因此,合理的车辆路径规划可以有效的实现节能减排,在研究车辆路径优化问题时考虑如何节能减排有着重要的现实意义和应用价值。
[Abstract]:While paying attention to the economic development, countries in the world begin to pay attention to the ecological environment change and gradually bring energy saving and emission reduction into various fields of social development. Especially in the field of transportation, which produces high carbon emissions, with the dual promotion of economic globalization and electronic commerce, the volume of logistics business is rising, the outsourcing activities of logistics are becoming more and more frequent, and the distribution activities of third party logistics are also more and more. This has led to the production of a large number of greenhouse gases, the implementation of low-carbon transport and distribution has become an inevitable trend in the field of road freight. Reasonable vehicle routing decision can reduce the operating cost and reduce the carbon emission effectively. Therefore, the research on the vehicle routing problem considering carbon emissions has become an important way to realize "green logistics". According to the potential feasibility of energy saving and emission reduction in vehicle routing problem and the current situation of logistics outsourcing activities, the open pollution path problem considering load and time constraints is proposed. The innovation is mainly reflected in the optimization of modeling. Algorithm design and simulation analysis, and as the focus of this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the relationship between carbon emissions and fuel consumption in distribution process, a mathematical model for estimating carbon emissions is constructed, and an open pollution path optimization model is established based on this model. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms are compared and analyzed. According to the characteristics of the model, genetic algorithm is selected as the solution algorithm, and a hybrid search mechanism is designed based on genetic algorithm combined with scanning algorithm. Thus greatly reduce the genetic algorithm premature defects and improve the performance of the algorithm. Finally, the feasibility of the model and the timeliness of the algorithm are simulated. Considering the influence of participants in logistics outsourcing, this paper analyzes how to realize energy saving and emission reduction in the open vehicle routing problem from a new perspective. The carbon emission in the vehicle path problem is affected by many related factors, such as vehicle, environment, traffic, driver, operation and so on. In the process of operation decision, we can control the factors that affect carbon emissions, such as vehicle selection, load, speed and so on. Through optimization modeling and algorithm design to find the vehicle path with the least carbon emissions, through the simulation experiments, we can find that carbon emissions are closely related to the change of load rate and driving distance, the reasonable planning of the vehicle driving path, Carbon emissions can be effectively reduced by the shortest driving distance or the reduction of the overall load rate of the vehicle; for the different target subjects in the open vehicle routing problem, Both logistics outsourcing enterprises and third party logistics only consider economic benefits, but through the comparative analysis of different target schemes, it is found that there is a certain consistency of objectives between the parties. This can optimize the vehicle routing problem to find the distribution scheme to meet the interests of all parties. Therefore, reasonable vehicle path planning can effectively achieve energy saving and emission reduction. It has important practical significance and application value to consider how to save energy and reduce emissions in the study of vehicle path optimization.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U492.22;F252

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