电子商务对企业出口行为微观作用机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 11:10

本文选题：电子商务 + 贸易中介　；参考：《浙江财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来电子商务成为跨境贸易中的越来越普遍使用的全新交易模式，其对国际贸易的重要性日益凸显，关于电子商务在跨境贸易中应用的进一步研究，对处于经济转型期的中国，政府如何制定企业出口的扶持政策、企业如何制定出口决策，从而促进我们外贸经济的稳健增长具有重要的意义。本文主要讨论了电子商务的使用对于企业出口参与以及企业出口密集度、企业出口模式选择的微观作用机制。电子商务的发展及其对国际贸易的影响一直受到学术界的广泛关注，而目前国外的研究关注的主要是较为宏观的层面，如国家、行业等，微观层面的研究较为缺乏。而国内的相关研究基本都停留在描述层面，目前还没有较为系统的理论与经验研究。本文的研究弥补了现有贸易理论研究忽视电子商务经济模式的缺陷，以及微观层面经验研究缺乏的局限性。首先，本文对电子商务、贸易中介与国际贸易三者相互关系进行了梳理，所涉及的文献研究表明，电子商务时代，贸易中介在国际贸易中扮演的角色逐渐发生变化。电子商务的出现使得贸易中介不仅没有消失，而且呈现新的演化特征。由于电子商务的重要性，需要在现有新新贸易理论和贸易中介理论中引入这一因素，进一步从理论和经验两方面研究电子商务、新型贸易中介对国际贸易发展的作用。其次，本文对电子商务是否提高企业出口可能性进行研究。本文基于异质性企业垄断竞争模型的分析表明，电子商务促进了企业参与出口的可能性，提高了企业出口密集度，即促进我国企业出口扩展边际以及集约边际出口增长，而这种贸易促进作用大小又与企业生产效率正相关。基于世界银行2005年中国企业微观调查数据，本文利用Probit以及Fractional Probit模型从出口可能性与出口密度两个维度对上述结论进行检验，并用广义倾向得分匹配法（GPSN）对可能存在的内生性问题加以控制。经验研究结果支持了理论模型的基本结论，即电子商务具有显著的贸易促进作用，虽然本文的结论也支持低效率企业出口的“生产率悖论”现象，但发现电子商务在边际上缓解了这种悖论。此外，企业外资比率和企业规模等显著提高了企业出口可能性和出口密集度,企业研发投入对出口决策影响显著；分不同规模和所有制的比较分析发现，电子商务的发展对大规模企业促进作用大于小规模企业、外资企业大于内资企业、民营企业大于国有企业。最后，本文分析了电子商务使用程度对企业直接或间接出口方式选择行为的影响。本文在贸易中介模型中引入电子商务变量，模型分析表明电子商务对于企业出口方式的选择是不确定的。在此基础之上，本文基于世界银行中国企业2012年的调查数据进行了检验，经验研究表明，，电子商务促使我国更多的企业选择间接出口，并提高了企业间接出口的比例，这说明电子商务背景下新型贸易中介对于企业出口有显著影响，第三方专业跨境电子商务平台的构建有助于促进我国出口的增长。本文研究的主要贡献：1）在异质性企业垄断竞争模型中引入电子商务使用程度指标，从新的视角分析了新型商务模式对于企业出口可能性的影响，并利用世界银行中国企业微观数据进行了检验；2）在异质性贸易中介理论中引入电子商务因素，利用世界银行中国企业微观数据，对电子商务对企业出口模式行为的影响进行了检验；3)本研究弥补了现有贸易理论研究的不足，突破了现有经验研究较为宏观层面的局限性，有利于我们更清楚的了解电子商务在跨境贸易中的应用，为政府部门的出口扶持政策的制定提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:E-commerce has become a more and more widely used new transaction mode in cross-border trade in recent years. Its importance to international trade is becoming more and more important. Further research on the application of e-commerce in cross-border trade is further studied. For China in the period of economic transition, how to formulate the support policy for the export of enterprises and how to formulate export decisions by the government in the period of economic transition period It is of great significance to promote the steady growth of our foreign trade economy. This paper mainly discusses the micro effect mechanism of the use of e-commerce on the export participation of enterprises, the export density of enterprises and the selection of enterprise export patterns. The development of e-commerce and its impact on international trade have been widely concerned by the academic circles. At present, foreign research mainly focuses on the macro level, such as the state, industry, and so on, and the research on the micro level is relatively lack. And the domestic related research is basically in the description level, and there is no systematic theory and experience research at present. This research makes up for the current trade theory research to ignore the e-commerce economy. The limitations of the model and the lack of empirical research at the micro level.
First of all, this paper combs the relationship between e-commerce, trade intermediary and international trade. The literature research involved shows that the role of trade intermediary in the international trade is changing gradually in the era of electronic commerce. The emergence of E-commerce makes trade intermediaries not only disappear, but also present new evolutionary characteristics. Because of the emergence of electronic commerce, the trade intermediary has not only disappeared, but also presents a new evolution feature. The importance of e-commerce requires the introduction of this factor in the existing new trade theory and trade intermediary theory, and further studies the role of electronic commerce and new trade intermediaries on the development of international trade from two aspects of theory and experience.
Secondly, this paper studies whether e-commerce can improve the export possibility of enterprises. Based on the analysis of the model of heterogeneous enterprise monopoly competition, this paper shows that e-commerce promotes the possibility of enterprises to participate in export, and improves the export density of enterprises, that is to promote the export growth margin of Chinese enterprises and the increase of intensive marginal export. The size of trade promotion is positively related to the efficiency of enterprise production. Based on the world bank's microcosmic survey data of Chinese enterprises in 2005, this paper uses the Probit and the Fractional Probit model to test the above conclusions from two dimensions of export possibility and export density, and use the generalized tilting score matching method (GPSN) for the possible endogenous existence. The results of the empirical study support the basic conclusion of the theoretical model that e-commerce has a significant trade promotion effect. Although the conclusion of this paper also supports the "productivity paradox" phenomenon of low efficiency enterprise exports, it is found that e-commerce has alleviated this paradox at the marginal level. In addition, the ratio of foreign capital and enterprises. Scale and so on significantly improved the export possibility and export density of enterprises, and the impact of R & D investment on export decision-making was significant. The comparative analysis of different scale and ownership found that the development of e-commerce was greater than the small scale enterprises, the foreign enterprises were larger than the domestic enterprises, and the private enterprises were larger than the state-owned enterprises.
Finally, this paper analyzes the effect of e-commerce usage on the choice behavior of direct or indirect export mode. In this paper, e-commerce variables are introduced in the trade intermediary model. The model analysis shows that e-commerce is uncertain for the choice of enterprise export mode. Based on this, this paper is based on the world bank Chinese enterprise 2012 The survey data of the year have been tested. Empirical research shows that e-commerce has prompted more enterprises to choose indirect exports and increased the proportion of indirect export of enterprises. This shows that the new trade intermediary has a significant impact on the export of enterprises in the context of e-commerce. The construction of the third party specialized cross-border E-commerce platform helps to promote me. The growth of country exports.
The main contributions of this study are as follows: 1) introducing the index of the use of e-business in the heterogeneous enterprise monopoly competition model, analyzing the influence of the new business model on the export possibility of the enterprise from a new perspective, and using the micro data of the world bank's Chinese enterprises to test it; 2) introducing the electronics in the heterogeneous trade intermediary theory. Business factors, using the microcosmic data of the world bank's Chinese enterprises, test the impact of e-commerce on enterprise export model behavior; 3) this study makes up for the shortage of existing trade theory research and breaks through the limitations of the existing empirical research at the macro level, which is favorable for us to know more clearly about e-commerce in cross-border trade. The application will provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of export support policies of government departments.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F724.6;F752.62

【参考文献】