APEC贸易便利化对中国机电产品出口影响研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 07:39

【摘要】：随着全球经济一体化进程的加快,双边甚至多边国际贸易越来越频繁,单纯依靠关税的降低不能很好的促进国际贸易的发展。在UNECE、APEC、OECD等国际组织的大力倡导下,贸易便利化问题的研究成为各个经济体研究的重中之重,越来越成为促进国际贸易市场繁荣的根本问题。中国也将贸易便利化问题列入十二届人大三次会议的政府报告,从贸易环境、政府环境和海关等维度来实现国际贸易中的便利化,为企业出口创造良好的环境。中国机电产品出口占我国产品出口的比重不断增加,已成为中国出口行业的支柱产业,但随着近几年来国际经济形势不景气,如何提升中国机电产品出口已成为当务之急的问题,而贸易便利化的提出为解决这个问题提供了新的思路。本文通过研究亚太经合组织(APEC)中不同国家的贸易便利化问题,为中国的机电产品出口提供建议。本文首先对贸易便利化的内涵和相关理论进行了梳理,并在此基础上深入分析了APEC贸易便利化影响机电产品出口的作用机理。贸易便利化水平对于机电产品出口的影响主要是通过以下四个要素来影响的:交通效率、贸易环境、政府环境和电子商务。其中,交通效率包括基础设施建设和运营效率;贸易环境表现为贸易政策和海关两个方面;政府环境包括政府效率和法律监管;电子商务通过硬件设施建设和新技术来影响产品出口。其次对中国机电产品的出口现状进行了利弊分析,现状表明中国机电产品出口在中国产品出口所占比例趋于稳定,在国际竞争中面临着严峻的形式。再次根据前人的研究,参考国内外学者的建议,将衡量贸易便利化的指标细分为三级指标,通过22个三级指标来测算出17个中国主要贸易国家的贸易便利化水平,构建科学的、全面的贸易便利化测评体系,测量结果表明中国相关测评排名处于中等偏下的水平,距离世界顶尖国家仍然有很大的进步空间,并且贸易便利化水平大体与一国GDP总量有着正相关的关系。之后利用引力模型进行实证研究,通过实证分析17个国家2006年到2015年10年的面板数据,将贸易便利化指标引入到引力模型进行影响因素的研究,研究表明进口中国机电产品的国家贸易便利化水平的提高对我国机电产品的出口比单纯减免关税有着更加积极地促进作用,并且在四个一级指标中电子商务对于机电产品的出口影响最大。最后通过分析实证结果为改善中国机电产品的出口给出了相关的建议。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, bilateral and even multilateral international trade is becoming more and more frequent. Simply relying on the reduction of tariffs is not a good way to promote the development of international trade. Under the initiative of UNECE,APEC,OECD and other international organizations, the study of trade facilitation has become the most important issue in the study of various economies, and has become the fundamental problem to promote the prosperity of the international trade market. China has also included the issue of trade facilitation in the government report of the third session of the Twelfth National people's Congress to facilitate international trade from the perspectives of trade environment, government environment and customs to create a good environment for enterprises' exports. The export of China's mechanical and electrical products, which account for an increasing proportion of China's exports, has become a pillar industry in China's export industry. However, with the recession of the international economic situation in recent years, How to promote the export of China's mechanical and electrical products has become an urgent issue, and the proposal of trade facilitation provides a new way to solve this problem. By studying the trade facilitation of different countries in APEC (APEC), this paper provides some advice for China's export of mechanical and electrical products. In this paper, the connotation and related theories of trade facilitation are reviewed, and the mechanism of APEC trade facilitation affecting the export of mechanical and electrical products is analyzed. The influence of the level of trade facilitation on the export of mechanical and electrical products is mainly affected by the following four factors: traffic efficiency, trade environment, government environment and electronic commerce. Among them, traffic efficiency includes infrastructure construction and operation efficiency, trade environment includes trade policy and customs, government environment includes government efficiency and legal supervision. E-commerce influences the export of products through hardware facilities and new technologies. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of the export of China's mechanical and electrical products are analyzed. The present situation shows that the proportion of the export of China's mechanical and electrical products in the export of China's products tends to be stable, and it is facing a severe form in the international competition. Thirdly, according to the previous research, referring to the suggestions of domestic and foreign scholars, the index of measuring trade facilitation is subdivided into three levels, and the level of trade facilitation of 17 major trading countries in China is calculated through 22 three levels of indicators, and the level of trade facilitation of 17 major trading countries in China is constructed scientifically. The comprehensive trade facilitation evaluation system shows that China's relative evaluation ranking is at a moderate and lower level, and there is still a lot of room for improvement from the top countries in the world. And there is a positive correlation between the level of trade facilitation and the total GDP of a country. Then using gravity model to conduct empirical research, through empirical analysis of 17 countries from 2006 to 2015 10 years of panel data, trade facilitation indicators are introduced to gravity model to study the impact factors. The research shows that the improvement of the level of trade facilitation of the countries importing Chinese mechanical and electrical products has a more active role in promoting the export of China's mechanical and electrical products than the mere reduction of tariffs. And in the four first-level indicators, electronic commerce has the greatest impact on the export of mechanical and electrical products. Finally, through the analysis of empirical results to improve the export of China's mechanical and electrical products to give the relevant recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62

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