城乡一体化路径的理论探析——从商品实体交易时代到电子商务时代

发布时间：2018-11-24 11:38

【摘要】：城乡二元结构是当前中国及许多其他国家的典型现象。本文从历史的角度分析商品实体交易模式和城乡分离与二元结构形成的关联,指出在城乡因节省交易费用而分离之后,城市因作为实体交易市场的载体获得了经济的集聚效应和政治的集聚效应,而对应地,农村则存在两个天然经济劣势——劳动分工水平劣势和交易效率劣势,城乡二元结构由此形成。据此本文提出两条城乡一体化路径,其一是改变农村的劳动分工水平劣势,并让农村剩余劳动力自由迁移到城市,也即是城市化的方式实现城乡一体化;其二是改变农村交易效率劣势,使生产和消费获得择址自由,各种要素不仅在城市层级之间有自上而下流动的动力,电子商务及其互联网基础正是对农村交易效率劣势的有效弥补。从理论上来说,电子商务的交易模式通过改变中小城市、农村的交易效率劣势,提供了一种有别于在商品实体市场交易模式下的城乡一体化路径,这一路径就是去中心的网络化。
[Abstract]:Urban and rural dual structure is a typical phenomenon in China and many other countries. From the historical point of view, this paper analyzes the relationship between commodity entity trading model and urban-rural separation and the formation of dualistic structure, and points out that after the separation of urban and rural areas because of saving transaction costs, As the carrier of entity trading market, cities have acquired economic agglomeration effect and political agglomeration effect. Correspondingly, there are two natural economic inferiority in rural areas, that is, labor division level inferiority and transaction efficiency inferiority. Urban and rural dual structure from this formation. Based on this, this paper puts forward two ways of urban-rural integration, one is to change the inferiority of rural labor division level, and let the rural surplus labor to move freely to the city, that is, to realize urban-rural integration in the way of urbanization; The second is to change the disadvantage of rural transaction efficiency, so that production and consumption can be free to choose their location, and the various factors not only have the power to flow from top to bottom between the urban level, E-commerce and its internet base are the effective remedy for the disadvantage of rural transaction efficiency. Theoretically speaking, the transaction mode of electronic commerce provides a way of urban-rural integration which is different from that in commodity entity market by changing the inferiority of transaction efficiency in small and medium-sized cities and rural areas. This path is the network to the center.
【作者单位】：浙江大学公共管理学院;浙江大学城市发展与管理系;浙江大学新型城镇化研究中心;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金第八批特别资助项目“交易费用与作为新型城镇化起点的农业电商化研究”(编号:2015T80630)
【分类号】：F320;F299.2

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