电动汽车及其充电网络价值评估

发布时间：2017-12-30 20:19

本文关键词：电动汽车及其充电网络价值评估　出处：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电动汽车的推广与应用已经成为智能电网发展不可或缺的一部分。电动汽车不仅可以实现节能减排,还可以提高电网运行效率。尤其在引入V2G(Vehicle-to-grid)技术后,电动汽车作为分布式能源向电网提供储能服务。这样既可以削峰填谷、平滑负荷曲线,又可以作为备用容量协助可再生能源上网。正是由于电动汽车有上述优良特性,世界各国政府都提出相关政策来推动电动汽车产业的发展。这些举措也引起了业界的广泛关注。对电动汽车及其充电网络进行价值评估是把电动汽车和充电网络当做一个整体的分布式能源,多方面地建立评估模型,通过优化运行使电网运行效益和环境保护效益实现最大化。而对不同投资主体而言,电动汽车及其充电网络体现的价值也是不同的,所以根据不同的利益相关方分别建模评估很有必要。本文在研究了中国电动汽车发展现状和电动汽车充电对电网影响机理的前提下,分别从供给侧、用户侧、环境保护三个方面评估其价值,并提出了使电动汽车及其充电网络更好发挥价值的政策建议。供给侧价值评估模型以年收益最大为目标,从电费收入、低储高发效益、为分布式能源提供备用储能服务三个层面进行评估。用户侧收益则是通过燃油和耗电成本的对比,得出了电动汽车行驶一年能源费用的节约值。从环境保护层面考量的节能减排价值则是在与普通燃油车的对比下,用全寿命周期的方法并参考到电源结构的不同情境进行估算的。全寿命周期主要是指汽车的制造过程和行驶过程。同时本文还采用了电动汽车推广量的规划数,对碳减排量进行了估算。政策建议是在前文分析的基础上结合对电动汽车充换电站的实地调研提炼的,以求为电动汽车产业的发展提供参考。
[Abstract]:The promotion and application of electric vehicles have become an indispensable part of the development of smart grid. Electric vehicles can not only achieve energy saving and emission reduction. It can also improve the efficiency of power grid operation, especially after the introduction of V2GV Vehicle-to-gridd technology. As a distributed energy source, electric vehicles provide energy storage services to the power grid, which can not only cut the peak and fill the valley, but also smooth the load curve. It can also be used as a reserve capacity to facilitate renewable energy access to the Internet, precisely because of the above excellent features of electric vehicles. Governments around the world have proposed policies to promote the development of the electric vehicle industry. These measures have also aroused widespread concern in the industry. To evaluate the value of electric vehicle and its charging network is to regard electric vehicle and charging network as a whole distributed energy, and establish the evaluation model in many aspects. By optimizing operation, the benefits of grid operation and environmental protection are maximized. For different investors, the value of electric vehicle and its charging network is also different. So it is necessary to model and evaluate according to different stakeholders. On the premise of studying the development status of electric vehicles in China and the influence mechanism of electric vehicle charging on power grid, this paper evaluates its value from three aspects: supply side, user side and environmental protection. The paper also puts forward some policy suggestions to make the electric vehicle and its charging network better play its value. The supply-side value evaluation model aims at the maximum annual income, from the electricity revenue, low storage and high efficiency. Provision of reserve energy storage services for distributed energy is assessed at three levels. The user-side benefits are measured by comparing fuel and power costs. The energy saving value of the electric vehicle running in one year is obtained. The value of energy saving and emission reduction from the environmental protection level is compared with the ordinary fuel vehicle. The whole life cycle is estimated by using the method of life cycle and referring to the different situations of the power supply structure. The whole life cycle mainly refers to the manufacturing process and the driving process of the automobile. At the same time, the planning number of the popularizing quantity of the electric vehicle is adopted in this paper. Based on the above analysis, the policy suggestions are extracted from the field investigation of electric vehicle charging and replacing power stations in order to provide a reference for the development of electric vehicle industry.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.471

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