中国客车产业的出口竞争力现状及发展策略分析

发布时间：2018-01-12 00:04

本文关键词：中国客车产业的出口竞争力现状及发展策略分析　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：入世之后,中国的汽车出口蒸蒸日上,出口量迅速增长,取得了良好的出口业绩。客车产业作为汽车产业的一个子产业,在我国的发展水平明显高于汽车产业的平均水平,其国际竞争力水平也是在汽车产业的平均水平之上。从2005年开始,中国客车产业走上了出口扩张的道路,到2008年之前一直处于全面扩张阶段,基本形成了我国客车业的出口格局。但是,随之而来的全球性的金融危机却给日益升温的中国客车出口重重地泼了一盆冷水,中国客车出口受到了明显的严重打击。于是,许多人开始怀疑中国客车出口的竞争优势是否还存在,开始审视中国客车的出口竞争力来自何处,今后中国客车出口的可持续发展应该立足何处,这是客车出口企业应该认真思考的问题。虽然近年来中国客车产业的出口竞争力不断提高,但是还存在着资源整合较差、客车总体技术含量低、客车质量水平不高和客车服务不完善、企业品牌知名度小等诸多问题,这些都是制约我国客车产业国际竞争水平不断提高的症结所在,中国客车要想形成持久的出口竞争力必须要着力解决好上述问题。对于国际竞争力的研究从上个世纪七十年代末就已经开始,出口竞争力是微观层面的国际竞争力,是一种更为具体的国际竞争力。国内外对出口竞争力的研究主要集中在对出口竞争力的含义界定、出口竞争力的来源、出口竞争力的影响因素以及一些关于出口竞争力的实证分析,目前为止,已经取得了大量的研究成果。本文运用出口竞争力的有关评价指标对我国客车产业的出口竞争力进行评价,一方面丰富了对客车出口的研究,另一方面,通过对影响客车出口竞争力因素的钻石模型分析,本文能够对新形势下如何提升我国客车产业的出口竞争力提供借鉴。首先,本文以2009-2012年我国客车出口的数据为基础,分别从出口规模、出口结构、出口主体、出口区位以及出口价格五个方面对中国客车的出口现状进行了定量与定性的描述。然后,本文计算出了中国、巴西、印度、韩国、日本以及德国客车产业近几年的国际市场占有率、产业贸易竞争指数、显示性比较优势指数以及质量竞争力指数,并进行了比较。接着,基于波特教授的钻石模型,从要素条件、需求条件、产业战略结构与竞争程度、行业相关产业与支持性产业四个基本要素,以及政府与机遇两个辅助要素这六个方面对影响我国客车产业出口竞争力的因素进行了正反两方面的分析,找出其优势与劣势及其背后的原因。最后,针对分中国客车目前在出口竞争力方面存在的诸多不足,以第五部分的钻石模型为分类方法,从客车出口企业以及政府两个角度提出了相关的建议,希望以此能够为我国客车产业快速、可持续的发展以及客车产品出口竞争力水平的提高提供参考。
[Abstract]:After China's entry into WTO, China's automobile export is booming, the export volume is increasing rapidly, and it has made good export performance. The bus industry is a sub-industry of the automobile industry. The level of development in China is obviously higher than the average level of the automobile industry, and its international competitiveness level is also above the average level of the automobile industry. China's passenger car industry has embarked on the road of export expansion, until 2008 has been in a comprehensive expansion stage, the basic form of China's passenger car industry export pattern, but. With the global financial crisis, however, the rising temperature of China's passenger car exports heavily poured a basin of cold water, China's passenger car exports were obviously seriously hit. Many people begin to doubt whether the competitive advantage of China's bus export still exists, and begin to examine where the export competitiveness of Chinese passenger cars comes from, and where the sustainable development of Chinese bus exports should be based in the future. This is a bus export enterprises should seriously consider the problem. Although the export competitiveness of China's bus industry has been improved in recent years, there are still some problems, such as poor integration of resources, low overall technical content of passenger cars, low quality of passenger cars and imperfect bus services. There are a lot of problems such as low brand awareness and so on, which are the crux of restricting the international competition level of passenger car industry in our country. Chinese passenger cars to form a lasting export competitiveness must focus on solving the above problems. Since the end of -30s, the study of international competitiveness has been started, export competitiveness is the micro-level of international competitiveness. Domestic and foreign research on export competitiveness mainly focuses on the definition of the meaning of export competitiveness, the source of export competitiveness. The influencing factors of export competitiveness and some empirical analysis on export competitiveness, so far. A lot of research results have been obtained. This paper evaluates the export competitiveness of China's passenger car industry by using the relevant evaluation index of export competitiveness, on the one hand, it enriches the research on bus export, on the other hand. Through the diamond model analysis of the factors influencing the export competitiveness of passenger cars, this paper can provide a reference for how to improve the export competitiveness of China's passenger car industry under the new situation. First of all, based on the data of China's passenger car export in 2009-2012, this paper analyzes the export scale, export structure and export main body. The export location and export price of China's passenger cars are described quantitatively and qualitatively. Then, this paper calculates China, Brazil, India and South Korea. Japan and Germany bus industry in recent years of international market share, industrial trade competition index, comparative advantage index and quality competitiveness index, and compared. Based on Professor Porter's diamond model, there are four basic factors: factor condition, demand condition, industrial strategic structure and competition degree, industry-related industry and supporting industry. As well as the government and the opportunity two auxiliary elements these six aspects to influence our country passenger car industry export competitive power factor to carry on the positive and negative analysis, finds out its superiority and the inferiority and behind the reason. Finally. In view of the shortcomings of the export competitiveness of Chinese passenger cars at present, taking the diamond model of the 5th part as the classification method, this paper puts forward the relevant suggestions from the two angles of the passenger car export enterprises and the government. It is hoped that this can be used as a reference for the rapid and sustainable development of the passenger car industry and the improvement of the export competitiveness of passenger car products.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.471;F752.62

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