美国对华晶体硅光伏产品反倾销反补贴案例分析

发布时间：2018-03-02 01:20

本文关键词： 中美贸易摩擦光伏产品反倾销反补贴案例分析　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：光伏产业是全球性的新兴产业,具有巨大的发展潜力,并且是维护国家能源安全的重要组成部分,越来越受到各国的重视。中国和美国都将光伏产业的发展视为经济转型的重要推动力,将光伏发电纳入未来能源战略,制定各项补贴政策推动光伏业的发展,谋求占领全球市场战略制高点的地位。中美两国光伏产业的自由贸易,提高了资源配置有效性,对促进两国光伏产业发展具有不可忽视的作用。继欧洲之后,中国、美国等国的光伏产业在国家政策大力扶持下,也取得了高速发展。然而,自2010年开始的全球范围内光伏电池和组件价格暴跌,光伏制造业竞争加剧。美国许多大型光伏电池生产商因承受不住市场压力,面临减产甚至是倒闭的危险。他们将原因归咎于中国厂商的过度竞争,压低了市场价格,使得美国生产商利润骤减,无力维持经营。2011年10月19日,美国SolarWorld以及其他6家太阳能公司以中国企业向美国低价倾销光伏产品以及中国政府存在非法补贴为由,向美国政府联合申诉,要求商务部和国际贸易委员会对中国输美光伏产品征收高额反倾销和反补贴税。美国政府首次启动对中国光伏产品的“双反”调查,并最终裁定对中国输美晶体硅电池和组件征收高额“双反”关税。基于以上背景,本文将美国首次对华光伏产品反倾销反补贴为研究对象,从中国和美国两个角度,重点分析案例发生的原因和影响。本文从利益相关者的角度探究本案发生的原因,透视贸易保护主义的影响,并结合中国光伏产业发展现状,针对性地提出建议。本文对光伏“双反”案的详细分析具有重要研究意义和实用价值,有利于把握中美光伏贸易的的走向,改善光伏产业的外贸环境,促进中国光伏产业健康发展。本文首先简要概述案件发生时全球光伏市场的发展现状,并着重对中美两国市场发展情况以及补贴政策进行介绍。在回顾本案的始末后,本文创新性地将本案中两国各个利益相关者的利益分歧作为切入点,在此基础上全面地将政治和经济因素纳入分析框架,从中国和美国两个角度提出本案发生的根本原因。本文认为,利益集团影响贸易政策的制定和对战略性新兴产业的贸易保护使美国发动了本次贸易调查；中国光伏市场的产能过剩为美方提供了借口。虽然此次贸易摩擦阻碍了中国光伏企业扩大海外销售市场的步伐,加重产能过剩问题,但是也为中国光伏产业今后的健康发展敲响了警钟,有利于改善产业结构和优化产业扶持政策。最后通过对本案的认识,结合我国光伏市场的发展特点,本文从短期和长期两个层面,对光伏行业协会和企业今后如何更好地应对贸易摩擦提出建议。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic industry is a global emerging industry, with great potential for development, and is an important part of maintaining national energy security. China and the United States both regard the development of the photovoltaic industry as an important driving force for economic transformation, incorporate photovoltaic power generation into the future energy strategy, and formulate various subsidy policies to promote the development of the photovoltaic industry. Seek to occupy the global market strategic commanding position. The free trade of the photovoltaic industry between China and the United States enhances the efficiency of resource allocation and plays an important role in promoting the development of the photovoltaic industry in both countries. After Europe, the photovoltaic industry of China, the United States and other countries has been vigorously supported by national policies. However, since 2010, the global price of photovoltaic cells and modules has plummeted, and competition in the photovoltaic industry has intensified. Many large U.S. photovoltaic cell manufacturers have been unable to withstand market pressure. At risk of cutting production or even failing. They blame excessive competition from Chinese manufacturers, which has pushed down market prices, causing U.S. producers to tumble in profits and be unable to sustain their operations. The US SolarWorld and six other solar companies have filed a joint complaint with the US government on the grounds that Chinese companies dump photovoltaic products at low prices in the United States and that the Chinese government has illegal subsidies. The Ministry of Commerce and the International Trade Commission are required to impose high anti-dumping and countervailing duties on photovoltaic products imported from China. And the final ruling on Chinese crystal silicon batteries and components imposed high "double-counter" tariffs. Based on the above background, this paper takes the first antidumping and countervailing of photovoltaic products by the United States as the research object, from the perspectives of China and the United States. This paper explores the causes of the case from the perspective of stakeholders, perspective the impact of trade protectionism, and combines the current situation of photovoltaic industry development in China. It is of great significance and practical value to make a detailed analysis of the photovoltaic "double reaction" case, which is helpful to grasp the trend of Sino-US photovoltaic trade and to improve the foreign trade environment of the photovoltaic industry. Promote the healthy development of photovoltaic industry in China. This paper first briefly outlines the development of the global photovoltaic market at the time of the case, and focuses on the development of the markets of China and the United States, as well as the subsidy policies. This paper takes the different interests of various stakeholders in this case as the entry point, on the basis of which the political and economic factors are fully integrated into the analytical framework. The paper points out that interest groups influence the formulation of trade policy and trade protection to strategic emerging industries, which makes the United States launch this trade investigation. The overcapacity in China's photovoltaic market provides an excuse for the United States. Although the trade friction has hampered the pace of expanding the overseas sales market of Chinese photovoltaic companies, it has exacerbated the problem of overcapacity. However, it is also a wake-up call for the healthy development of China's photovoltaic industry in the future, which is conducive to improving the industrial structure and optimizing industrial support policies. Finally, through the understanding of this case and the characteristics of the development of the photovoltaic market in China, This paper puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with trade friction better in photovoltaic industry associations and enterprises in the short and long term.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.02;F426.6

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