美国食品安全监管体系及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-03-08 11:45

本文选题：美国食品监管机构　切入点：食品安全立法　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为全世界公认最安全食品产地之一的美国,其食品安全监管体系的高效及广泛应用保证了食品安全这一目标的实现,而此体系的建立、发展可追溯到1906年。在1906年之前,19世纪末,20世纪初的美国,正逐步由农业社会转向工业社会。当时的科学进步速度极快,经济亦蓬勃发展,人们也逐步开始注重生活质量,而食品安全则为重中之重。时任美国总统罗斯福在看过社会学家辛克莱的小说《屠场》中所提到令人作呕的肉类食品的卫生状况后,结合人们对食品卫生及安全的诉求,这一切都引起总统罗斯福的高度重视,最终推动了美国食品安全监管体系的建立。本文以美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)的建立和1906年美国《纯净食品和药品法案》(Pure Food and Drug Act)的制定为起点,讨论美国食品安全监管体系的建立以及不断地健全和完善,得出其监管体系的有益经验,为我国的食品安全监管体系的发展和完善提供参考作用。本论文共分为七章：第一章是绪论,主要讨论本论文的研究背景,研究思路与研究方法,以及研究该论文最终所要达到的目的和意义。同时对食品安全以及食品安全监管体系相关概念进行界别,区分我国国内与美国关于食品安全及其相关概念。讨论国内外关于食品安全监管体系研究的文献综述和理论分析以及本论文的创新点和不足点。第二章到第六章重点讨论美国食品安全监管体系。(1)深入讨论美国最权威的监管机构食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)的建立,以及其他食品安全监管机构设置,并明确各机构权责职能。(2)1906年美国《纯净食品和药品法案》(Pure Food and Drug Act)的颁布对于美国的其他食品安全法律法规的制定具有重要的意义,因此以《纯净食品和药品法案》为基础,讨论后续其他食品安全法律法规的建立和完善。(3)对美国食品从业者的自我监管和强制性赔偿制度进行讨论,主要为HACCP危机处理机制、缺陷食品召回制度等食品业者自律制度以及强制惩罚性赔偿制度的实施。(4)重点讨论美国对于社会大众的食品安全信息公开机制,从而体现出食品安全监管的公开性及透明度。(5)除机构、法律制度之外的社会团体、新闻媒体和消费者等社会媒介的监督。在论文的最后一章中,总结美国食品安全监管体系的特点和经验,对我国当前的食品安全监管体系进行拷问,得出我国食品安全监管中存在的问题,对美国食品安全监管体系进行参考,以期对我国现行的食品安全监管体系提出较为实际可行的方法与建议。
[Abstract]:As one of the safest food producing areas in the world, the United States, whose food safety regulatory system is highly efficient and widely used, ensures the realization of the goal of food safety, and the establishment of this system, The development dates back to 1906. Before 1906, the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century was gradually shifting from an agricultural society to an industrial society. At that time, scientific progress was extremely rapid, the economy was booming, and people gradually began to focus on the quality of life. Food safety is the top priority. After reading the disgusting state of health of meat food in Sinclair's novel, Slaughterhouse, President Roosevelt combined people's demands for food hygiene and safety. All of which drew President Roosevelt's attention. This paper starts with the establishment of Food and Drug Administration and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This paper discusses the establishment of the food safety supervision system in the United States and its continuous improvement and perfection. The beneficial experience of the food safety supervision system in the United States is obtained, which provides a reference for the development and improvement of the food safety supervision system in China. This thesis is divided into seven chapters:. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly discusses the research background, research ideas and research methods, as well as the purpose and significance of this paper. At the same time, the relevant concepts of food safety and food safety regulatory system are discussed. This paper makes a distinction between China and the United States on food safety and its related concepts, and discusses the literature review and theoretical analysis of food safety supervision system at home and abroad, as well as the innovations and shortcomings of this paper. Chapters II to 6th focus on the food safety regulatory system in the United States. (1) the establishment of the Food and Drug Administration, the most authoritative regulatory body in the United States, and the establishment of other food safety regulatory bodies, The enactment of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 is of great significance to the formulation of other food safety laws and regulations in the United States, and is therefore based on the Pure Food and Drug Act, To discuss the establishment and perfection of other food safety laws and regulations, and to discuss the self-regulation and compulsory compensation system of food practitioners in the United States, mainly the HACCP crisis management mechanism. The implementation of the food industry self-discipline system and compulsory punitive damages system, such as the defective food recall system, focuses on the food safety information disclosure mechanism of the United States to the general public. Thus, the openness and transparency of food safety supervision are reflected in the supervision of social media, such as institutions, legal institutions, news media and consumers. In the last chapter of the paper, we summarize the characteristics and experience of the food safety supervision system in the United States, question the current food safety supervision system of our country, and find out the problems existing in the food safety supervision in our country. This paper makes a reference to the American food safety supervision system in order to put forward some practical and feasible methods and suggestions for the current food safety supervision system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203;F471.2;F426.82

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