DX光伏发电项目投资效益分析

发布时间：2018-03-23 14:20

本文选题：光伏发电　切入点：DX光伏发电项目　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类文明史中的每一步前进，都是和能源的使用紧密相连的。目前，世界能源形式紧迫，在世界10大焦点问题，如能源、水、环境、恐怖主义和战争、疾病、教育等中位居首位。因此，现阶段全世界的能源建设中，我们应该遵循的原则是：尽可能的节约能源，有效的提高能源的利用率，逐渐停止使用含碳量高的矿物、化石燃料，而改用洁净能源。我国经济目前正处在高速增长的状态，如何协调好经济增长与环境保护的关系，是摆在国人面前的一个难题。调整能源结构，逐步减少二氧化碳等温室气体的排放，缓解对环境的污染，已经刻不容缓，清洁的新能源和可再生能源的应用得到了飞速的发展。中国政府已经表示要“积极发展风能，太阳能，地热能等新能源和可再生能源”，并于2006年1月1日正式颁布施行了《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》，明确指出“国家将可再生能源的开发利用列为能源发展的优先领域，通过制定可再生能源开发利用总量目标和采取相应措施，推动可再生能源市场的建立和发展。国家鼓励和支持可再生能源并网发电”。在可再生资源中，太阳能是最容易被人类所获得的，且清洁、无污染。太阳能利用的主要形式是光伏发电，与其它可再生能源相比，光伏发电具有技术成熟、可规模化开发、环境效益好等优势，正在被我国政府所大力扶持和提倡，已成为可再生能源开发利用的一大亮点。越来越多的人认识到，光伏发电的发展是社会发展的需要。我国的光伏发电产业相比国外先进国家虽起步较晚，但近年来发展迅速，发展前景良好，作为一门新兴产业，尤其是现阶段满足条件的工程又可享受到国家政府的各种补贴，光伏发电产业已经吸引了越来越多的企业逐步地参与其中。但是，与德国、美国等先进的欧洲国家的光伏发电企业相比，我国光伏发电企业的成本偏高很多，严重阻碍了我国光伏发电产业的快速发展。目前国际光伏发电市场的竞争日益激烈，而在我国，由于技术掌握的欠缺，材料、人工成本的不断增长，我国光伏发电企业的成本普遍偏高很多，使光伏发电产业难以普及，与此同时，由于对影响光伏发电项目投资效益的主要因素认识不足，导致对光伏发电项目的投资效益分析不够深刻，这些不利因素已严重阻碍了我国光伏发电的快速发展。在这种情况下，如何准确地分析光伏发电产业的成本影响因素，在项目初期进行有效的项目投资效益分析，为企业带来更大的利润，提高光伏发电企业的经济效益和社会效益，已经成为决定光伏发电企业在市场上是否具有竞争能力的关键，对光伏发电企业的发展具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文首先介绍了项目投资效益分析的重要性，分析了光伏发电企业的发展现状、光伏发电企业的成本构成及影响因素，然后以DX光伏发电项目为例，研究了光伏发电项目在实际工程中的初始阶段如何进行项目投资效益分析、及时纠偏，为光伏发电企业赚取更大的利润。光伏发电产业作为一项高新技术工程项目，对其成本的研究应该贯穿于工程项目的始终，从投标阶段、施工准备阶段到施工阶段、验收结算阶段，每一阶段都进行有效的成本控制。本文以某一具体工程的项目投资效益分析为例，详细论述了该企业是如何有效地确定了工程的成本目标，制定科学合理的投资效益分析，并以此为基础对项目进行成本控制。从而论证了光伏发电企业应注重将可观的经济效益和合理的技术相结合，提高成本的可控性，使企业获得最大的利润，提升企业的社会地位。本文认为，光伏发电企业不应一味的、片面的追求节约，而是应该突出成本——效益最大化，着眼于未来，从企业的长远利益出发，制定科学合理的、具有可行性的计划，加以有效的监督实施，，才能使企业实现持续性发展。
[Abstract]:Every step forward in the history of human civilization, is closely connected with the use of energy. At present, the world energy form in urgency, focus, 10 of the world such as energy, water, environment, terrorism and war, disease, education in the first place. Therefore, at this stage of the world's energy construction. We should follow the principles: to save energy as much as possible, effective improve utilization rate of energy and gradually stop using the high carbon content of minerals, fossil fuels, and the use of clean energy.
China's economy is currently in a state of rapid growth, how to coordinate the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection, is a difficult problem in front of the Chinese people. The adjustment of energy structure, gradually reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, alleviate the pollution of the environment, has no time to delay the application of new energy and clean. Renewable energy has been rapid development. China government has pledged to actively develop wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and other new energy and renewable energy ", and promulgated the" renewable energy law "in People's Republic of China officially in January 1, 2006, clearly pointed out that" the country will be the development and utilization of renewable energy as priority areas of energy development. Through the development of renewable energy development and utilization of the total target and take corresponding measures to promote the establishment and development of the renewable energy market. The State encourages and supports renewable energy Grid connected power generation.
In renewable resources, solar energy is most easily achieved by man, and clean and no pollution. The main form of utilization of solar energy is photovoltaic power generation, compared with other renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation technology is mature, can be developed on a large scale, good environmental benefits and other advantages, is our country government strongly supported and advocated. Has become a major highlight of the development and utilization of renewable energy. More and more people realize that the development of photovoltaic power generation is the needs of social development.
Photovoltaic power generation industry in our country compared with foreign advanced countries although started late, but in recent years the rapid development and good prospects for development, as an emerging industry, especially enjoy a variety of subsidies and the national government at this stage to meet the conditions of the photovoltaic power generation project, industry has attracted more and more enterprises gradually involved. However, compared with Germany, photovoltaic power generation enterprises advanced European countries such as the United States, photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China's high cost a lot, seriously hindered the rapid development of photovoltaic industry in China.
At present, the international PV market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, but in China, due to the lack of technology, master the material, rising labor costs, the cost of photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China is generally high, the photovoltaic industry is difficult to spread, at the same time, the main factors of affecting the photovoltaic power generation project investment benefit of lack of knowledge, due to the photovoltaic power project investment benefit analysis is not deep enough, these adverse factors have seriously hindered the rapid development of China's photovoltaic power generation. In this case, how to accurately analyze the factors affecting the cost of photovoltaic power generation industry, analyze the investment benefits of effective project early in the project, bring more profits for the enterprise, to improve the photovoltaic power generation enterprise's economic benefit and social benefit, has become the key to decide whether the photovoltaic power generation enterprise has competition ability in the market, for photovoltaic power generation The development of enterprises has very important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper first introduces the importance of the project investment benefit analysis, analysis of the current development of photovoltaic power generation enterprises, and the factors affecting the photovoltaic power generation enterprise cost, and then to DX photovoltaic power generation project as an example, how to analyze the project investment benefit of the initial stage of photovoltaic power generation projects in the actual project timely correction, earn more the profit for the photovoltaic power generation enterprises.
Photovoltaic power generation industry as a high-tech project, study on the cost should be throughout the project from beginning to end, from the tender stage, construction stage to the stage of construction, acceptance and settlement stage, can effectively control the cost of each stage. This paper analysis a specific engineering project investment benefit as an example. The enterprise is how to effectively determine the cost of the project objectives, formulate scientific and rational analysis of investment benefit, and based on the project cost control. To demonstrate the photovoltaic power generation enterprises should pay attention to the considerable economic benefit and reasonable combination of technology, improve the controllability of the cost, causes the enterprise to obtain the maximum the profit, improve the social status of the enterprise.
This paper argues that the photovoltaic power generation enterprises should not blindly, one-sided pursuit of saving, but should highlight the cost - benefit maximization, focus on the future, starting from the long-term interests of enterprises, establish scientific and reasonable and feasible plan, effective supervision, to enable enterprises to achieve sustainable development.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F275

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