城镇化与工业化进程对农业用水的影响

发布时间：2018-04-01 04:45

本文选题：农业用水　切入点：城镇化与工业化　出处：《人民黄河》2015年07期

【摘要】：针对城镇化与工业化进程中农业用水保障问题,利用Mann-Kendall非参数秩次相关分析方法,分析了1997—2011年全国农业用水量、有效灌溉面积、每公顷用水量以及灌溉用水量等农业用水指标的变化,研究了农业用水量、总用水量、城镇化率等指标的整体变化及突变,构建了城镇化率、工农业产值与农业用水间的关系,发现全国农业用水量呈微弱减小趋势,其占总用水量的比例大幅下降,有效灌溉面积逐年上升,但每公顷用水量下降导致灌溉用水量基本稳定,城镇化率及工农业产值比例与农业用水占比具有显著的负相关性。系统分析了城镇化与工业化进程中影响农业用水的主要因素,得出人口结构及产业结构调整导致非农业用水需求提升,灌溉用水需求下降;经济导向驱动种植结构调整,间接影响农业用水量;水源污染主要对农业用水水质产生影响,污水灌溉将会减少新鲜水的取用比例;资金投入和科技支撑影响农业用水保障能力。
[Abstract]:In view of the problem of agricultural water security in the process of urbanization and industrialization, using Mann-Kendall non-parametric rank correlation analysis method, the agricultural water consumption and effective irrigation area in China from 1997 to 2011 were analyzed. The change of agricultural water use index per hectare and irrigation water consumption is studied. The overall change and mutation of agricultural water consumption, total water consumption and urbanization rate are studied, and the relationship between urbanization rate, industrial and agricultural output value and agricultural water use is established. It is found that the agricultural water consumption in China is decreasing slightly, the proportion of agricultural water consumption to total water consumption has decreased significantly, the effective irrigation area has been increasing year by year, but the decrease of water consumption per hectare has resulted in the basic stability of irrigation water consumption. The urbanization rate and the ratio of industrial and agricultural output value have significant negative correlation with the proportion of agricultural water. The main factors influencing agricultural water use in the process of urbanization and industrialization are analyzed systematically. It is concluded that the adjustment of population structure and industrial structure leads to the increase of non-agricultural water demand and the decrease of irrigation water demand; the economic orientation drives the adjustment of planting structure and indirectly affects agricultural water consumption; the water pollution mainly affects the water quality of agricultural water. Sewage irrigation will reduce the proportion of fresh water used; the investment of funds and scientific and technological support will affect the ability of agricultural water security.
【作者单位】：北京市水利规划设计研究院;中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室;交通运输部科学研究院;
【基金】：吉林省交通运输科技项目(2011-1-7) 江西省交通科技项目(2011C00005)
【分类号】：F299.21;F424;F323.213

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