H化工项目安全风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 12:49

  本文选题：安全风险识别 + 安全风险评价　； 参考：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：安全不仅关乎财产,更关乎生命。随着科技的发展,我国化工行业技术日新月异,涉及面越来越广,因而遇到的安全问题也越来越多。现阶段我国各类化工项目持续发生的安全生产事故对国民生命财产安全造成了严重的威胁。因此,必须加强化工项目安全风险的防范措施,以应对已有或潜在的安全风险。而对安全风险的辨识和评价是有效采取安全风险应对措施的前提；所以,在化工项目安全成为当今公众和政府共同关心问题的同时,化工项目安全风险研究也成为我国经济和技术发展的重要研究对象之一。研究化工项目的安全风险首先要了解其安全风险指标体系(即安全风险的组成因素),因此安全风险指标的细化分解是进行安全风险研究过程中非常重要的环节。由于我国化工项目安全风险研究起步晚,且安全风险研究指标的细化分类各有侧重点,这就影响到化工项目安全风险的评价结果的准确性；因此,需要在前人研究的基础上对化工项目安全风险指标进行重新分解,并合理的选择评价模型进行评价,以期更加全面的反映化工项目的安全风险程度。本文以某化工项目为研究对象,将研究阶段分为生产准备和生产两个阶段。鉴于化工项目运行中安全风险评价因素比较复杂并且具有层次性、模糊性以及难以定量化等特点,本文结合本单位安监专家的意见,提出选择模糊综合评价与层次分析法联合评价的模型从化工项目源头进行分析,以期在安全风险未形成阶段对该项目安全风险进行有效判定。首先,本文简述国内外相关研究现状,并介绍了安全风险管理相关理论基础；按照安全风险的评价原则和从源头控制风险的需要,决定采用模糊综合评价与层次分析法相结合的安全风险评价模型；再结合前人的研究,对H化工项目的安全风险指标进行分类。本文从化工项目涉及的各个方面着手,将该化工项目运行中存在的主要风险分为人员风险、设备风险、物料风险、工艺风险、环境风险、管理风险等六个方面,并对这六方面安全风险指标做进一步的细化分解,最终分别构建出该项目生产准备阶段和生产阶段的多级安全风险指标体系。然后,本文采用模糊综合评价与层次分析法相结合的安全风险评价模型,对已构建的安全风险指标体系中各层级所有安全风险指标进行量化计算,得出两个阶段安全风险高、中、低的隶属度。为尽量利用已分析出的数据信息,并合理有效的反映该项目的安全风险程度,本文以加权值作为安全风险评价结果。最后,本文对H化工项目安全风险评价的结果中处于高风险和一般风险状态的安全风险点提出相应措施,并建设性的提出专业化安全风险雇佣管理模式的概念,为安全风险管理提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:Safety is not only about property, but also about life. With the development of science and technology, the technology of chemical industry in China is changing with each passing day. At present, the safety accidents of various chemical projects in China pose a serious threat to the safety of national life and property. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the preventive measures of chemical project safety risks to deal with existing or potential safety risks. The identification and evaluation of safety risk is the premise of taking effective safety risk response measures. Therefore, while the chemical project safety has become a common concern of the public and the government, Chemical project safety risk research has also become one of the important research objects of economic and technological development in China. In order to study the safety risk of chemical engineering project, we must first understand the safety risk index system (i.e., the component factor of safety risk), so the detailed decomposition of safety risk index is a very important link in the process of safety risk research. Because the safety risk research of chemical engineering projects in China started late, and the detailed classification of safety risk research indexes has its own emphases, this will affect the accuracy of the evaluation results of the safety risks of chemical projects. It is necessary to re-decompose the safety risk index of chemical project on the basis of previous research and select the evaluation model reasonably in order to reflect the safety risk degree of chemical project more comprehensively. Taking a chemical project as the research object, the research stage is divided into two stages: production preparation and production. In view of the complexity of safety risk assessment factors in the operation of chemical projects and their characteristics of hierarchy, fuzziness and difficulty in quantification, this paper combines the opinions of the experts of the unit's safety supervision. The model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and AHP joint evaluation is proposed to analyze the source of chemical project in order to judge the safety risk of the project effectively in the stage of safety risk formation. First of all, this paper briefly describes the domestic and foreign related research status, and introduces the relevant theoretical basis of safety risk management, according to the safety risk evaluation principle and the need to control the risk from the source. It is decided to adopt the safety risk evaluation model combining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and AHP, and then classify the safety risk index of H chemical project by combining the previous research. In this paper, the main risks in the operation of the chemical project are divided into six aspects: personnel risk, equipment risk, material risk, process risk, environmental risk, management risk, etc. Finally, the multi-level safety risk index system of the production preparation stage and the production stage of the project is constructed by further detailed decomposition of the six aspects of the safety risk index. Then, the safety risk evaluation model combining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process is used to quantify all the safety risk indicators in the established safety risk index system, and it is concluded that the safety risk is high in the two stages. Medium, low membership. In order to make use of the data information and reflect the safety risk degree of the project reasonably and effectively, this paper takes the weighted value as the result of safety risk evaluation. Finally, this paper puts forward the corresponding measures to the safety risk points in the high risk and general risk state of H chemical engineering project safety risk evaluation results, and puts forward the concept of professional safety risk employment management mode constructively. To provide new ideas for safety risk management.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.7;F272.3
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本文编号：1866077