东北老工业基地产业集群发展路径研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 23:34

本文选题：东北老工业基地 + 产业集群　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：东北老工业基地的历史由来已久，作为新中国工业的摇篮，为建成独立、完整的工业体系和国民经济体系，为国家的现代化建设作出了历史性的重大贡献。1990年以来，随着实行了几十年的计划经济向市场经济转变的要求，体制性和结构性矛盾日趋显现，企业设备和技术老化，竞争力下降，就业矛盾突出，经济发展步伐相对仍较缓慢，与沿海发达地区的差距在扩大：改革开放初期，辽宁省GDP是广东省的2倍，而2010年广东省GDP是辽宁省的2倍；1980年黑龙江省的GDP与东部6省市的平均值相当，现在为其二分之一，人均GDP仅是上海的四分之一。如何解决这些问题成为了国家、地区政府和社会各界所关注的焦点。本文研究的目的是从产业集群的角度分析振兴东北老工业基地的方法和措施。首先对产业集群理论进行了探讨，包括产业集群的定义、分类、特点及其优势，明确了发展集群经济对提高区域产业竞争力的重要意义。然后对东北老工业基地的产业集群发展历史和现状进行分析，分为从外部角度分析和内部角度总结出产业集群发展的特征。之后通过上一章的阐述，总结出产业集群发展的可行性、必要性和存在的潜在产业集群。接下来分别通过理论分析和实证分析，，阐明东北老工业基地实施产业集群的优势、劣势、机会和威胁，又用数据分析来论证以上优势，包括区位商分析、工业区域配置系数分析、比较劳动生产率分析、地区产业梯度系数分析和行业集中度分析，进一步强化本文的观点。在以上分析的基础上，提出东北老工业基地产业集群发展路径，最后提出了建设东北老工业基地产业集群的对策建议和在发展过程中需要注意的问题。笔者认为虽然东北老工业基地出现了经济体制转变的不适应性，工业产值、整体竞争力和影响力不断被新兴工业基地超过，区内国有企业的市场被其他工业区引进的外资企业抢占，但发展了几十年的东北老工业基地所积累下的基础不是新兴工业基地能够在短时间内迅速拥有的，文化环境、人才和技术是东北老工业基地所拥有的不可比拟的财富，东北地区政府可以通过产业集群策略，选定一些具有比较优势的主导产业，重建企业之间的联系，深化国有企业改革，发挥地方政府的推动作用，培育出具有区域竞争优势的产业群，从而最终实现党中央、国务院提出的“振兴东北老工业基地”的战略构想。
[Abstract]:The northeast old industrial base has a long history. As the cradle of New China's industry, it has made a historic and significant contribution to the establishment of an independent and complete industrial system and the national economic system, as well as to the modernization of the country. With the requirements of the transition from a planned economy to a market economy that have been implemented for several decades, the institutional and structural contradictions are becoming increasingly apparent, the enterprise equipment and technology are aging, the competitiveness is declining, the contradiction of employment is prominent, and the pace of economic development is still relatively slow. The gap with the developed coastal regions is widening: in the early years of reform and opening up, GDP in Liaoning Province was twice that of Guangdong Province, while in 2010 the GDP in Guangdong Province was twice that in Liaoning Province. In 1980, the average GDP in Heilongjiang Province was about the same as in the six eastern provinces and cities. Per capita GDP is only 1/4 of Shanghai's. How to solve these problems has become the focus of national, regional governments and social circles. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the methods and measures of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China from the point of view of industrial cluster. Firstly, the paper discusses the theory of industrial cluster, including the definition, classification, characteristics and advantages of industrial cluster, and clarifies the significance of developing cluster economy to improve the regional industrial competitiveness. Then it analyzes the history and present situation of the industrial cluster development of the old industrial base in Northeast China, and summarizes the characteristics of the industrial cluster development from the external and internal angles. After that, the paper summarizes the feasibility, necessity and potential of industrial cluster development. Then, through theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, this paper clarifies the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of implementing industrial clusters in old industrial bases in Northeast China, and uses data analysis to demonstrate the above advantages, including location quotient analysis. The industrial allocation coefficient analysis, the comparative labor productivity analysis, the regional industrial gradient coefficient analysis and the industry concentration analysis further strengthen the viewpoint of this paper. On the basis of the above analysis, this paper puts forward the development path of the industrial cluster of the northeast old industrial base, and finally puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of the industrial cluster of the northeast old industrial base and the problems needing attention in the process of development. The author believes that although the old industrial base in Northeast China has been inadaptable to the transformation of the economic system, the industrial output value, overall competitiveness and influence have been constantly exceeded by the emerging industrial bases. The market of state-owned enterprises in the region has been preempted by foreign-funded enterprises imported from other industrial zones, but the foundation accumulated by the old industrial base in Northeast China, which has been developed for decades, is not something that the new industrial base can quickly possess in a short period of time, and a cultural environment. Talent and technology are the unparalleled wealth of the old industrial base in Northeast China. The northeast government can select some leading industries with comparative advantages through the strategy of industrial cluster, rebuild the relationship between enterprises, and deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises. Give play to the role of the local government, cultivate the regional competitive advantage of the industrial clusters, so as to finally achieve the Party Central Committee, the State Council put forward the "revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China" strategic concept.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F427

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