资本要素对我国制造业价值链低端锁定问题的影响分析

发布时间：2018-06-21 01:33

本文选题：产品内分工 + 产业链　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国凭借大量廉价的劳动力资源优势,通过技术合作、共同生产、生产线引进等多种方式,逐渐参与到全球价值链之中。经过三十多年的发展,中国已经从主要出口纺织品、农产品、塑料等轻工业产品,迅速转变为生产并出口各种各样工业品。在此期间,中国的工业体系基本建立,工业化的水平不断提高,中国也获得了“世界工厂”的美誉。但是,中国制造业在参与全球价值链过程中,其生产大多处于以劳动投入为主、低利润率、低科技水平为特征的加工、代工、装配等生产环节,该价值链中高利润率、高科技含量的生产环节大都为国外发达国家的大企业所主导或控制,本土企业处于全球价值链的低端位置,结果出现了经济“总量高速增长”与“价值链低端锁定”并存的状态。本文首先考察了中国制造业在全球价值链中的位置状况,虽然目前国内学者大都认同中国制造业各部门在全球价值链中处于低端位置,但对于该结论的得出则一般采用案例分析或横向对比的方法。以上方法不能直观清楚的说明某行业的具体被锁定程度,而且难以对各个行业的被锁定程度进行横向的比较。为了克服这一困境,本文引入了价值链参与程度的衡量指标——进出口商品的单位价值(UV值),从而直观的考察和比较了中国制造业各行业在全球价值链中的位置和发展状况。其次,本文在揭示出中国制造业在全球价值链中所处位置的基础上进一步深入研究,试图寻找我国制造业各部门在参与全球价值链中之所以陷入低端锁定状态的原因。在总结之前学者研究的基础上,本文认为我国制造业各部门在全球价值链中之所以陷入低端锁定状态的原因在于不利的要素禀赋,中国制造业目前资本要素尚不充裕,由于产业价值链条中各个环节并不同等重要,正式由于缺少核心要素(资本和知识),导致中国制造业不得不陷入俘获式的全球价值链之中。参与全球产业价值对中国制造业的技术溢出效应并不能达到实现产业升级的目的。由于中国制造企业跟国外先进国家的链主企业相比存在劣势,在国际分工中会因为该劣势导致我国企业陷入价值链的低端位置。这时参与国际分工的技术溢出效应对我国生产率的促进作用会被处于产业链低端位置的不利状况所取代,从而使我国企业持续处于该产业链的低端位置,难以实现沿产业链方向的产业升级。也就是说沿产业链方向的产业升级是在资本和知识积累达到一定程度后才会发生的,而不是仅仅通过从国外引进先进的机器装备就可以获得的。如果不能依赖自身的资本积累和科技创新就不能够缩短同国外发达国家企业之间的差距,也就不能实现由产业链的低端位置向高端位置的产业升级。为了验证以上观点,本文采用实际经济数据进行了实证分析,首先应用格兰杰因果检验分析了资本要素与价值链低端状态之间的关系,结果表明二者存在长期均衡关系,且资本要素是导致价值链低端状态的原因。其次考察了资本要素、价值链的低端状态分别于生产率的关系,结果显示资本要素的积累显著的有利于生产率的提升,而价值链的低端状态则不利于生产率的提升,从而验证的本文的观点。因此要实现中国制造业突破全球价值链低端锁定的困境,归根结底必须引导企业加强物质资本和人力资本的积累,其次政府应在引导企业进行高级要素积累方面发挥作用。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening - up , China has gradually participated in the global value chain through various means such as technical cooperation , co - production , introduction of production lines , etc . Through more than 30 years of development , China has rapidly changed from light industrial products such as textiles , agricultural products , plastics and other light industrial products to produce and export various industrial products . During this period , China ' s industrial system has been basically established , and the level of industrialization has increased continuously , and China has also gained the reputation of the World Factory .

However , in the process of participating in the global value chain , China ' s manufacturing industry is mostly in the process of processing , foundry , assembly and other production links characterized by labor input , low profit margin and low technology level . The production links of high profit margin and high technology content in the value chain are dominated or controlled by large enterprises in developed countries , and the local enterprises are in the low end position of global value chain , and the result shows the coexistence of economic " total high speed growth " and " value chain low end lock " .

This paper first examines the position of Chinese manufacturing industry in global value chain . Although most of the domestic scholars agree that Chinese manufacturing sector is in low - end position in global value chain , it is difficult to compare the degree of lock in the industry . In order to overcome this dilemma , this paper introduces the measure index of value chain participation degree and the unit value ( UV value ) of import and export commodity , so as to inspect and compare the position and development of Chinese manufacturing industry in global value chain .

Secondly , based on the analysis of the position of Chinese manufacturing industry in global value chain , this paper tries to find out the reason why Chinese manufacturing industry has been caught in low - end locked state in the global value chain .

In order to validate the above viewpoint , this paper makes an empirical analysis on the actual economic data . First , the relationship between the capital element and the low end state of the value chain is analyzed by using the causality test . The result shows that the capital element is beneficial to the improvement of productivity , and the low end state of the value chain is not conducive to the improvement of productivity . Therefore , it is necessary to guide the enterprises to strengthen the accumulation of material capital and human capital , and secondly , the government should play a role in guiding the accumulation of advanced elements .
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F424

【参考文献】