中国汽车制造业集聚研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 07:47

【摘要】：自20世纪90年代克鲁格曼提出新经济地理理论，产业集聚就成为主流经济学研究的焦点问题之一。汽车制造业因具有较强的产业关联度和较长的产业链，相对适合集聚式发展。目前，中国汽车制造业已经成为国民经济发展的支柱产业之一。但是，受计划经济时代行政指令式产业布局的影响，中国汽车制造业的空间分布较为不合理，产业集聚水平仍然偏低，近年来更是出现了分散的趋势。为此，如何调整汽车制造业的空间布局，提高集聚水平已成为当前中国汽车制造业进一步发展亟待解决的问题之一。本文尝试采用理论与实证相结合的研究方法，通过对产业集聚的相关理论与文献的梳理，在此基础之上，，对中国汽车制造业两位数及三位数行业集聚的变动趋势进行测算分析，并对中国汽车制造业集聚影响因素的影响机制进行分析，尝试并构建基于面板数据的计量经济模型，对影响因素进行实证检验，以期对中国汽车制造业的发展提供合理的政策建议。行业层面和地区层面中国汽车制造业两位数及三位数行业集聚程度的测算结果均显示汽车制造业集聚程度偏低。在行业层面，本文使用空间基尼系数和修正后的EG指数对20032011年间两位数及三位数行业进行测算，结果表明中国汽车制造业整体集聚程度偏低，且呈现下降趋势，其中三位数行业的集聚程度略高于两位数行业。在地区层面，本文测算了20032012年间汽车制造业两位数行业的产值比重以及20032011年间两位数及三位数行业的区位熵，结果表明目前已经形成以上海、吉林、广东等为主的集聚中心，但无论两位数行业还是三位数行业的集聚程度均呈下降趋势。通过对中国汽车制造业两位数行业、整车制造和汽车零部件及配件制造两个三位数行业进行计量分析，得出对外开放度、劳动力成本、地区经济水平、基期产业水平和地方保护是促进两位数行业集聚的因素，运输成本为抑制两位数行业集聚的因素；地区经济水平、运输成本和基期产业水平是促进整车制造业集聚的因素；地区经济水平、基期产业水平和地方保护是促进汽车零部件及配件制造业集聚的因素。在理论与实证分析的基础之上，提出了提高中国汽车制造业集聚水平的政策建议：第一，继续深化对外开放；第二，加强专业化人才培养；第三，进一步降低运输成本；第四，取消地方保护。
[Abstract]:Since Krugman put forward the theory of new economic geography in 1990's, industrial agglomeration has become one of the focus problems in mainstream economics. Automobile manufacturing industry is relatively suitable for agglomeration development because of its strong industrial correlation and long industrial chain. At present, China's automobile manufacturing industry has become one of the pillar industries of national economic development. However, under the influence of the administrative command industrial layout in the planned economy era, the spatial distribution of China's automobile manufacturing industry is unreasonable, the level of industrial agglomeration is still low, and in recent years there has been a trend of dispersion. Therefore, how to adjust the spatial layout of automobile manufacturing industry and improve the level of agglomeration has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the further development of China's automobile manufacturing industry. This paper attempts to use the combination of theory and empirical research method, through combing the relevant theory and literature of industrial agglomeration, on the basis of this, the change trend of double-digit and tri-digit industry agglomeration in China's automobile manufacturing industry is calculated and analyzed. The paper also analyzes the influencing mechanism of the agglomeration factors of China's automobile manufacturing industry, tries to construct an econometric model based on panel data, and makes an empirical test on the influencing factors. With a view to the development of China's auto manufacturing industry to provide reasonable policy recommendations. The measurement results of double-digit and tri-digit industry agglomeration in China's automobile manufacturing industry show that the agglomeration degree of automobile manufacturing industry is low. At the industry level, this paper uses the spatial Gini coefficient and the revised EG index to measure the double-digit and three-digit industries from 2003 to 2011. The results show that the overall agglomeration degree of China's automobile manufacturing industry is low and showing a downward trend. Among them, the three-digit industry agglomeration degree is slightly higher than the double-digit industry. At the regional level, this paper calculates the proportion of the output value of the double-digit industries in the automotive manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2012 and the location entropy of the double-digit and tri-digit industries in the period of 20032011. The results show that Shanghai, Jilin, Guangdong and so on have become the main gathering centers at present. But both double-digit industry and three-digit industry agglomeration show a downward trend. Through the econometric analysis of the double-digit industry of China's automobile manufacturing industry, the whole automobile manufacturing industry and the automobile parts and accessories manufacturing industry, the degree of opening to the outside world, the labor cost, and the regional economic level are obtained. The industrial level and local protection in the base period are the factors to promote the agglomeration of double-digit industries, the transportation cost is the factor to restrain the agglomeration of the double-digit industries, the regional economic level, the transportation cost and the industrial level in the base period are the factors to promote the agglomeration of the whole automobile manufacturing industry. Regional economic level, base industrial level and local protection are the factors to promote the agglomeration of auto parts and accessories manufacturing industry. On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the agglomeration level of China's automobile manufacturing industry: first, continue to deepen the opening to the outside world; second, strengthen the training of specialized talents; third, further reduce transportation costs; fourth, Remove local protection.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.471

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