考虑负荷率因素的销售电价模型及应用
发布时间：2018-09-05 16:12
【摘要】：电力工业是资金密集型行业,电力生产经营中的固定成本比例相对较大,电价政策考虑电力企业的成本结构,使价格等于成本,才能使电价效率最大。国家提出的考虑用户负荷特性进行销售电价分类改革的方案也说明了国家高度重视电价制定的效率,负荷率电价体现了电价应该合理反映用户供电成本的要求,不同负荷率用户的供电成本不同,所以电价也应不同。同时,负荷率电价能够应该引导用户提高用电设备利用率,降低容量占用,引导资源优化配置,促进电力企业转变增长方式。本文主要内容包括五方面：第一,分析了负荷率电价的基本原理。不同用户的负荷率影响所消费电能的成本,不同负荷率用户的容量成本与电量成本结构不同。第二,梳理和总结了国内外负荷率电价研究成果和政策实践,为我国负荷率电价政策的设计与实施奠定了基础。第三,将电网系统容量成本在不同电压等级的各负荷率类型用户的基本电价和电度电价间进行分摊,进而完成负荷率电价的理论模型设计。第四,通过对相关参数进行合理假设,对设计好的负荷率电价模型进行数值分析,验证负荷率电价模型的合理性,并初步估算负荷率电价的预期效果。第五,根据模型的数值分析,提出具体的适合我国实际情况的负荷率电价实施建议。本文的主要研究成果有两项：第一,目前,负荷率电价改革还处在初步阶段,没有系统地定价模型,本文根据国家销售电价改革需要,探索性地建立了负荷率电价理论模型。这也是本文的创新点之一。第二,通过对模型进行数值分析,预计了负荷率电价的实施效果,本文从静态和动态两个方面分析负荷率电价的特殊效果,这些效果都是常规电价政策较难协调实现的,这也是本文的创新点。
[Abstract]:Power industry is a capital-intensive industry, and the fixed cost ratio in power production and operation is relatively large. The electricity price policy considers the cost structure of the power enterprise and makes the price equal to the cost, so that the electricity price efficiency can be maximized. The plan put forward by the state to reform the classification of electricity prices considering the characteristics of consumer load also shows that the country attaches great importance to the efficiency of electricity price formulation, and the load rate price reflects the demand that the electricity price should reasonably reflect the user's power supply cost. Different load rate user's power supply cost is different, so the electricity price should also be different. At the same time, the load rate price should guide the users to improve the utilization ratio of power equipment, reduce the capacity occupation, guide the optimal allocation of resources, and promote the power enterprise to change its growth mode. The main contents of this paper include five aspects: first, the basic principle of load rate price is analyzed. The cost of electricity consumption is affected by the load rate of different users, and the cost of capacity and cost of electricity is different among the users of different load rates. Secondly, the research results and policy practice of load rate electricity price at home and abroad are summarized, which lays a foundation for the design and implementation of load rate electricity price policy in China. Thirdly, the capacity cost of power system is divided between the basic price and the electricity price of different load rate types, and then the theoretical model of load rate price is designed. Fourthly, through the reasonable assumption of the relevant parameters, the numerical analysis of the designed load rate price model is carried out to verify the rationality of the load rate price model, and the preliminary estimate of the expected effect of the load rate price. Fifthly, according to the numerical analysis of the model, the paper puts forward specific suggestions for the implementation of the load rate electricity price which is suitable for the actual situation of our country. The main research results of this paper are as follows: first, at present, the reform of load rate electricity price is still in the initial stage, and there is no systematic pricing model. According to the needs of the national sales price reform, this paper establishes a theoretical model of load rate electricity price. This is one of the innovations of this paper. Secondly, through the numerical analysis of the model, the implementation effect of load rate price is predicted. This paper analyzes the special effect of load rate price from static and dynamic aspects. These effects are difficult to achieve by conventional price policy. This is also the innovation of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61
[Abstract]:Power industry is a capital-intensive industry, and the fixed cost ratio in power production and operation is relatively large. The electricity price policy considers the cost structure of the power enterprise and makes the price equal to the cost, so that the electricity price efficiency can be maximized. The plan put forward by the state to reform the classification of electricity prices considering the characteristics of consumer load also shows that the country attaches great importance to the efficiency of electricity price formulation, and the load rate price reflects the demand that the electricity price should reasonably reflect the user's power supply cost. Different load rate user's power supply cost is different, so the electricity price should also be different. At the same time, the load rate price should guide the users to improve the utilization ratio of power equipment, reduce the capacity occupation, guide the optimal allocation of resources, and promote the power enterprise to change its growth mode. The main contents of this paper include five aspects: first, the basic principle of load rate price is analyzed. The cost of electricity consumption is affected by the load rate of different users, and the cost of capacity and cost of electricity is different among the users of different load rates. Secondly, the research results and policy practice of load rate electricity price at home and abroad are summarized, which lays a foundation for the design and implementation of load rate electricity price policy in China. Thirdly, the capacity cost of power system is divided between the basic price and the electricity price of different load rate types, and then the theoretical model of load rate price is designed. Fourthly, through the reasonable assumption of the relevant parameters, the numerical analysis of the designed load rate price model is carried out to verify the rationality of the load rate price model, and the preliminary estimate of the expected effect of the load rate price. Fifthly, according to the numerical analysis of the model, the paper puts forward specific suggestions for the implementation of the load rate electricity price which is suitable for the actual situation of our country. The main research results of this paper are as follows: first, at present, the reform of load rate electricity price is still in the initial stage, and there is no systematic pricing model. According to the needs of the national sales price reform, this paper establishes a theoretical model of load rate electricity price. This is one of the innovations of this paper. Secondly, through the numerical analysis of the model, the implementation effect of load rate price is predicted. This paper analyzes the special effect of load rate price from static and dynamic aspects. These effects are difficult to achieve by conventional price policy. This is also the innovation of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61
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