农药化肥规制:美国经验及启示

发布时间：2018-11-13 13:08

【摘要】：农药化肥是农业面源污染的主要来源。本文介绍了美国在农药化肥规制方面的经验措施,包括不断演进与完善的农药规制体系,严格谨慎且动态循环的农药登记制度,授权许可和处罚并重的农药使用管理,因地制宜且高度协调的化肥管理法规,宽松登记与严格追溯相结合的化肥质量管理以及立足科学且引导与执法并重的化肥施用管理。借鉴美国经验,结合我国实际,从完善以法律法规为基础的农药化肥管理体系、以产品质量为核心的生产经营管理体系和统筹环保与农业产能的农药化肥施用体系等方面,提出我国农药化肥规制的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Pesticide fertilizer is the main source of agricultural non-point pollution. This paper introduces the experience and measures in the regulation of pesticides and fertilizers in the United States, including the evolving and perfect pesticide regulation system, the strict and prudent pesticide registration system with dynamic circulation, and the management of pesticide use with equal emphasis on authorization and punishment. According to local conditions and highly coordinated chemical fertilizer management regulations, loose registration and strict traceability of chemical fertilizer quality management and based on science and guidance and law enforcement of chemical fertilizer application management. From the aspects of perfecting the management system of pesticide and fertilizer based on laws and regulations, the management system of production and management based on product quality, and the system of pesticide and chemical fertilizer as a whole of environmental protection and agricultural production capacity, using the experience of the United States for reference and combining with the reality of our country, etc. The policy suggestions on regulation of pesticide and fertilizer in China are put forward.
【作者单位】：吉林大学生物与农业工程学院;长春师范大学;吉林省农业科学院;
【基金】：吉林省自然科学基金项目“吉林省水稻种植生命周期评价理论与方法研究”(20140101013JC) 吉林省创新工程项目“新形势下吉林省粮食生产风险监测;预警和防御研究”(C52110601) 吉林大学基本科研业务费项目“仿生视角下的水稻种植系统生命周期评价研究”
【分类号】：F416.72;S48;S143

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