中国煤炭企业“走出去”的方式问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 10:22

【摘要】：煤炭作为我国的主体能源，在国民经济中占据重要地位，并且在未来相当长的时期内，煤炭作为主体能源的地位不会改变。但是我国煤炭资源的赋存现状特点一直没有改变。人均占有量和储产比处于世界低水平，煤炭资源的煤种赋存和分布不理想，国内煤炭运输瓶颈导致国内煤炭高产区对煤炭高消费区的资源供应困难。在顺应经济全球化的趋势下，为了响应国家的“走出去”战略和促进煤炭产业的发展，我国的煤炭企业开始积极开展境外投资，实施“走出去”战略。但是在20多年的“走出去”实践中，我国煤炭企业遭遇了很多困难和失败，对“走出去”的方式选择呈现出盲目性，非渐进性的特点。因此，为了帮助煤炭企业更成功地“走出去”，很有必要对“走出去”的方式选择进行分析和研究，以得到对煤炭企业具有指导意义的方式选择策略。基于企业国际化理论、垄断优势理论、内部化理论和国际生产折衷理论的理论基础，通过实地调研和资料搜集，统计分析了我国煤炭企业“走出去”的现状，特别是“走出去”的方式现状及方式存在的问题，，得出了目前我国煤炭企业“走出去”的方式主要包括工程承包与劳务输出、跨国并购、新建企业和草根勘探四种，但企业在方式选择策略上存在着盲目性，未遵循渐进化的跨国经营路线。在分析了目前全球矿业企业的主要“走出去”方式，即参股、跨国并购，新建企业和草根勘探的方式优缺点和适用对象的基础上，针对我国煤炭企业“走出去”现状，提出了具有指导意义的“走出去”方式选择策略。企业在坚持方式选择与企业能力相匹配，与投资环境相适应，运用战略合作和风险可控思维的原则下，按照渐进的国际化路线，引导企业按照从初级方式到高级方式循序发展，以期这一结论能为煤炭企业“走出去”方式决策提供参考。
[Abstract]:As the main energy of our country, coal occupies an important position in the national economy, and in a long period in the future, the status of coal as the main energy will not change. However, the existing status of coal resources in China has not changed. The per capita possession and the ratio of reserve to output are low in the world, the occurrence and distribution of coal resources are not ideal, and the bottleneck of domestic coal transportation leads to the difficulty of resource supply in high-yield areas of domestic coal to high-consumption areas of coal. In accordance with the trend of economic globalization, in order to respond to the national "going out" strategy and promote the development of the coal industry, the coal enterprises of our country began to actively carry out overseas investment and implement the "going out" strategy. However, in the practice of "going out" for more than 20 years, the coal enterprises of our country have encountered many difficulties and failures, and the choice of "going out" has shown the characteristics of blindness and non-gradual. Therefore, in order to help coal enterprises to "go out" more successfully, it is necessary to analyze and study the way of "going out", in order to obtain the guiding strategy for coal enterprises. Based on enterprise internationalization theory, monopoly advantage theory, internalization theory and international production compromise theory, through field investigation and data collection, this paper statistically analyzes the present situation of Chinese coal enterprises "going out". In particular, the present situation and problems in the way of "going out" have been obtained. The main ways of "going out" of coal enterprises in our country at present include engineering contracting and labor export, transnational mergers and acquisitions, new enterprises and grassroots exploration. However, there is blindness in the strategy of mode selection, which does not follow the evolving transnational management route. On the basis of analyzing the advantages, disadvantages and applicable objects of the main ways of "going out" of global mining enterprises at present, that is, equity participation, transnational mergers and acquisitions, new enterprises and grassroots exploration, the paper aims at the present situation of "going out" in China's coal enterprises. A guiding strategy of "going out" is put forward. In accordance with the principle of strategic cooperation and risk-controllable thinking, and in accordance with the principle of gradual internationalization, the enterprises should be guided to develop in a sequential manner from the primary mode to the advanced mode, in accordance with the principles of consistent mode selection, matching with the enterprise's ability, adapting to the investment environment, and applying the principle of strategic cooperation and risk-controllable thinking. This conclusion can be used as a reference for coal enterprises to "go out".
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.21

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