中国零部件贸易比较优势与技术含量：结构与演变研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 09:27

【摘要】：伴随中国进出口贸易的快速增长,中国的贸易结构也发生了翻天覆地的变化,单从数值角度而言,零部件贸易已经构成了中国商品贸易中的重要组成部分,研究零部件贸易具有一定的理论和现实意义。本文主要借助于联合国贸发数据库,计算了中国SITC5位数分类349种零部件产品的2001年,2006年,2011年三个年度RCA指数(包括PRCA和ARCA指数),NEB指数以及技术含量指数,通过比较优势的分析以及与技术含量指数的结合分析,研究了10年来中国产品出口竞争力的发展趋势以及出口产品技术结构的变动情况,主要得出如下结论：(1)中国参与产品内分工的程度在加深,领域在扩大,中国正逐渐以零部件国内生产与制成品进口替代相关类别的零部件进口,中国已经转变成为一个零部件出口大国。 (2)通过分析中国SITC7、8类2、3位数分类产品进出口贸易的变化情况,得出中国零部件贸易在发展集中优势的同时也在积极扩大其他高技术含量产品的出口优势；但是中国在光学器材零部件上的技术水平还是不足。(3)近10年来,中国的零部件产品组装比较优势程度在下降,范围在缩小,而替代的是中国零部件产品生产性的比较优势在加强。(4)通过分析发现大多数产品的显示优势在增加或者显示劣势在减少,说明中国零部件产品的出口竞争力有持续提高的趋势。2001-2011年出口竞争力增强的产品,其贸易额占所有产品总贸易额的比例已经接近80%。(5)文章的结论表明,十年来中国出口零部件的加权技术含量处于上升趋势,尽管中国零部件出口技术含量的提升速度快于同期世界零部件出口技术增长速度,并且差距在缩小,但中国零部件的平均技术含量仍然低于世界零部件的平均技术含量。(6)中国已经逐渐从以前低技术含量产品出口的比较优势发展到高技术含量产品出口的比较优势,中国零部件的生产正在经历从生产的低端环节上升到高端环节,渐渐摆脱处于加工组装的地位,实现了一定的产业升级。论文最后通过对研究结论的分析,提出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of China's import and export trade, the structure of China's trade has also undergone earth-shaking changes. From a numerical point of view, the trade in components has become an important part of China's merchandise trade. It is of theoretical and practical significance to study the trade of parts and components. With the aid of the UN UNCTAD database, this paper calculates the three annual RCA indices (including PRCA and ARCA), NEB index and technical content index) in 2001, 2006 and 2011 for China's SITC5 digit classification of 349 parts and components. Through the analysis of comparative advantage and the combination of technology content index, this paper studies the development trend of China's export competitiveness and the change of export technology structure in the past 10 years. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the degree of China's participation in the intra-product division of labor is deepening and the scope is expanding. China is gradually replacing the related categories of parts imports with domestic production of components and imports of manufactured products. China has turned into a major exporter of components. (2) by analyzing the change of the import and export trade of China's SITC7,8 products, it is concluded that China's trade in parts and components is expanding the export advantage of other high-tech products while developing concentrated advantages; However, China's technological level in optical equipment components is still insufficient. (3) in the past 10 years, the comparative advantage of components assembly in China has been decreasing and the scope is narrowing. The alternative is that the comparative advantage of Chinese parts and components products is being strengthened. (4) through analysis, it is found that the display advantages of most products are increasing or the disadvantages are decreasing. It shows that the export competitiveness of Chinese parts and components has been increasing continuously. In 2001-2011, the proportion of trade volume to total trade volume of all products is close to 80%. (5) the conclusion of the article shows that in the period of 2001-2011, the proportion of trade volume to total trade of all products is close to 80%. Over the past decade, the weighted technology content of China's export components has been on the rise, although the technological content of China's export of components has increased faster than that of the world over the same period, and the gap is narrowing. However, the average technical content of China's components is still lower than that of the world's. (6) China has gradually developed from a comparative advantage in the export of low-technology products to a comparative advantage in the export of high-technology products. The production of Chinese parts is going from the low end of production to the high end, gradually getting rid of the position of processing and assembly, and realizing a certain industrial upgrading. Finally, through the analysis of the research conclusions, the paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.4;F752.6

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