近代鄂东南煤炭的开发与运销（1875-1937）
发布时间：2018-11-27 20:08
【摘要】：企业是市场活动的主体,而中小型企业构成了这一主体的大多数,它们具有活跃市场的作用。中小型企业普遍具有投资少、规模小的特点,它们如何应对市场竞争,如何生存,近代的中小企业同样要面对这些问题。在本文中,笔者试图以鄂东南区域的煤矿企业为例,展现近代中小型企业的生产、管理和运销状况,为现代中小型企业的发展提供一定的启示。近代鄂东南区域,以大冶为中心,形成了规模化的柴煤生产企业。本文围绕下面几个问题进行了探讨。1.煤炭开发的背景。鄂东南区域煤炭储量少、煤质一般,但滨临长江的区位优势、汉口较早开埠的机遇,弥补了煤矿企业可能遇到的运输和销售方面的问题,加之洋务运动的鼓舞和“湖北新政”的刺激,鄂东南区域较早地出现了近代化的煤矿。2.煤矿企业的生产。笔者首先从煤矿区域、煤炭储量、开采资金三个方面分析了该区域煤矿普遍规模小的特点。之后从生产力和生产关系两个方面,依次叙述了煤矿的工人管理、生产技术的两重性等问题。总结了该区域煤矿的产量和在全国的地位,以指明众煤矿企业虽小,但依然在近代有不俗的发展成就。3.煤矿企业的经营形态。笔者从矿主的身份背景入手,分析了各煤矿的资本来源问题,并重点探讨了利华煤矿与裕大华资本集团的关系。此外,又以广济煤矿用人问题为例,指出官办煤矿的衙门作风和制度失范是其失败的根本原因。4.煤矿企业的运销。此章内容是本文的重点。笔者指出与煤号联营是此类中小型煤矿的独特销售方式。同时又分析了各煤矿参与市场竞争的情况,本帮煤以低价将湖南煤赶出了武汉市场,而各煤矿之间由低价竞争走向分产合销,避免了同业间的严重倾轧。此外,外煤倾销又是各煤矿需要应对的棘手问题,然而在中法越南专约的影响下,各煤矿始终竞争不过鸿基煤。5.煤矿企业发展的不利因素。矿税偏高和各类苛捐杂税,是煤矿企业普遍面临的问题。近代军阀混战和社会动荡,加剧了煤炭生产的难度。各煤矿规模小,无力购买自己的船只,运输上出现过一定的困难。此外,近代煤矿企业虽然在技术上有了很大的进步,但仍然遭遇了影响生产的矿难。在分析了以上各方面后,笔者以为中小企业的发展,一要靠自身的生产进步,二要政府提供优越的发展环境,并合理引导,避免同业间的无谓竞争。
[Abstract]:Enterprises are the main body of market activities, and small and medium-sized enterprises constitute the majority of this main body, they play an active role in the market. Small and medium-sized enterprises generally have the characteristics of small investment and small scale. How to deal with the market competition and how to survive, the modern small and medium-sized enterprises have to face these problems. In this paper, the author tries to take the coal mining enterprises in southeast Hubei as an example to show the production, management and marketing situation of modern small and medium-sized enterprises, and to provide some enlightenment for the development of modern small and medium-sized enterprises. In the southeast of Hubei Province in modern times, a large-scale diesel coal production enterprise was formed with Daye as the center. This article has carried on the discussion around the following several questions. 1. Background of coal exploitation. The coal reserves in southeastern Hubei are small and the coal quality is general, but the location advantage of the Yangtze River and the opportunity of opening a port earlier in Hankou make up for the transportation and sales problems that coal mining enterprises may encounter. Combined with the encouragement of the Westernization Movement and the stimulation of the "Hubei New deal", modern coal mines appeared earlier in the southeast of Hubei Province. The production of coal mining enterprises Firstly, the author analyzes the characteristics of the small scale of coal mines in this area from three aspects: coal mining area, coal reserves and mining funds. Then, from two aspects of productive forces and production relations, this paper describes the management of coal mine workers, the duality of production technology and so on. This paper sums up the output of coal mine in this area and its status in the whole country, in order to point out that although many coal mining enterprises are small, they still have great achievements in modern times. The management form of coal mine enterprise. Starting with the background of mine owner, the author analyzes the source of capital in each coal mine, and probes into the relationship between Lihua coal mine and Yu Dahua Capital Group. In addition, taking Guangji coal mine as an example, it is pointed out that the malfunction of government run coal mine is the root cause of its failure. 4. Transportation and sales of coal mining enterprises This chapter is the focus of this paper. The author points out that the joint operation with the coal number is the unique selling way of this kind of medium and small coal mines. At the same time, the situation of participating in the market competition of each coal mine is analyzed. The coal of Hunan province is driven out of Wuhan market by the coal mine at low price, and the competition between each coal mine moves from the low price competition to the division of production and sale, thus avoiding the serious rolling in the same industry. In addition, the dumping of foreign coal is a thorny problem for coal mines. However, under the influence of Sino-French Vietnam treaty, coal mines have always been competitive with Hongji Coal. 5. Unfavorable factors for the development of coal mining enterprises. High mine tax and all kinds of exorbitant taxes are common problems faced by coal mining enterprises. Modern warlord melee and social unrest, increased the difficulty of coal production. Coal mines are small, unable to buy their own ships, transport difficulties. In addition, although the modern coal mining enterprises have made great progress in technology, they still encounter mining accidents that affect their production. After analyzing the above aspects, the author thinks that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises should depend on their own production progress, and the government should provide a favorable development environment and reasonable guidance to avoid unnecessary competition between the same industry.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F429
[Abstract]:Enterprises are the main body of market activities, and small and medium-sized enterprises constitute the majority of this main body, they play an active role in the market. Small and medium-sized enterprises generally have the characteristics of small investment and small scale. How to deal with the market competition and how to survive, the modern small and medium-sized enterprises have to face these problems. In this paper, the author tries to take the coal mining enterprises in southeast Hubei as an example to show the production, management and marketing situation of modern small and medium-sized enterprises, and to provide some enlightenment for the development of modern small and medium-sized enterprises. In the southeast of Hubei Province in modern times, a large-scale diesel coal production enterprise was formed with Daye as the center. This article has carried on the discussion around the following several questions. 1. Background of coal exploitation. The coal reserves in southeastern Hubei are small and the coal quality is general, but the location advantage of the Yangtze River and the opportunity of opening a port earlier in Hankou make up for the transportation and sales problems that coal mining enterprises may encounter. Combined with the encouragement of the Westernization Movement and the stimulation of the "Hubei New deal", modern coal mines appeared earlier in the southeast of Hubei Province. The production of coal mining enterprises Firstly, the author analyzes the characteristics of the small scale of coal mines in this area from three aspects: coal mining area, coal reserves and mining funds. Then, from two aspects of productive forces and production relations, this paper describes the management of coal mine workers, the duality of production technology and so on. This paper sums up the output of coal mine in this area and its status in the whole country, in order to point out that although many coal mining enterprises are small, they still have great achievements in modern times. The management form of coal mine enterprise. Starting with the background of mine owner, the author analyzes the source of capital in each coal mine, and probes into the relationship between Lihua coal mine and Yu Dahua Capital Group. In addition, taking Guangji coal mine as an example, it is pointed out that the malfunction of government run coal mine is the root cause of its failure. 4. Transportation and sales of coal mining enterprises This chapter is the focus of this paper. The author points out that the joint operation with the coal number is the unique selling way of this kind of medium and small coal mines. At the same time, the situation of participating in the market competition of each coal mine is analyzed. The coal of Hunan province is driven out of Wuhan market by the coal mine at low price, and the competition between each coal mine moves from the low price competition to the division of production and sale, thus avoiding the serious rolling in the same industry. In addition, the dumping of foreign coal is a thorny problem for coal mines. However, under the influence of Sino-French Vietnam treaty, coal mines have always been competitive with Hongji Coal. 5. Unfavorable factors for the development of coal mining enterprises. High mine tax and all kinds of exorbitant taxes are common problems faced by coal mining enterprises. Modern warlord melee and social unrest, increased the difficulty of coal production. Coal mines are small, unable to buy their own ships, transport difficulties. In addition, although the modern coal mining enterprises have made great progress in technology, they still encounter mining accidents that affect their production. After analyzing the above aspects, the author thinks that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises should depend on their own production progress, and the government should provide a favorable development environment and reasonable guidance to avoid unnecessary competition between the same industry.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F429
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