中国农村金融联结模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 04:04

  本文关键词：中国农村金融联结模式研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 农村金融 金融联结 联结中介 农民合作经济组织 农户组织化

【摘要】：农户融资难是我国农村普遍存在的现象,为制约我国农村经济发展的一个重要原因。导致农户融资难的原因主要有以下几个方面:一为单个农户融资额度小、居住地分散、农业自然风险形成的特质性成本及风险;二是信息不对称引发的逆向选择、道德风险以及有限执行成本,导致农村信贷市场失灵;三是由于产权制度缺陷、法律体系不完善等因素,农户缺乏银行能够接受的抵押品,无法通过提供有效抵押品来解决农村信贷市场的失灵问题;四是农村金融市场借贷以非生产性为主,与商业银行在农村金融市场的生产性借贷为主相悖。其中以信息约束和抵押约束为主要原因,是破解农户融资难题的关键所在。因此,在信息约束和抵押约束条件下,如何借助信贷交易模式的创新,建立可行的授信管理机制和负债履约机制以防范农户的机会主义行为,进而降低农村金融市场的信贷风险是解决农户融资难题的突破口。从国外成功的经验以及国内的一些实践来看,金融联结是破解以上难题的一个有效途径,金融联结通过正规金融机构和非正规金融机构之间的战略合作以扩大对农村地区的金融服务,本文主要研究以互联性交易为基础的金融联结模式。在这种模式中非正规金融机构为与农户经常打交道的本土化组织,借助本土化组织以一定的途径将农户的资金需求规模化、农户组织化,降低金融机构与农户的高交易成本;利用本土化组织在当地拥有的特有信息以及农产品生产、销售的交易信息,有效解决农户的信息不对称问题;互联性金融联结保障资金流入农业生产领域的同时,根据农业生产项目进行抵押担保机制创新,并实现相关联结主体的信用捆绑,提升农户的信用,达到向农户扩展信贷服务的目的。本文在吸收国内外研究成果并总结现有金融联结实践的基础上,从理论和实践角度分析了金融联结解决农户融资问题的关键性问题:(1)在理论方面,金融联结的信用机理是怎样形成的?金融联结如何缓解农村金融市场的信息不对称问题?金融联结能否缓解农户缺乏有效抵押品问题?金融联结能否突破传统信贷模式,进而扩大对农户的信贷服务?(2)实践中,农村金融联结的可行性模式有哪些?具体的运行机制如何?应用效果如何?在当前法律制度和信用体系不健全情况下,如何进行各项履约机制的安排以有效控制信贷风险?针对以上问题,本文对金融联结的机理、金融联结的模式、金融联结模式的稳定性进行了深层次的理论分析,建立了理论分析框架,在此基础上对中国农村金融联结的参与主体、金融联结效果、金融联结风险进行了分析,最终得出以下结论:(1)农村金融联结在保证正规金融机构财务可持续性的前提下,提供了解决农村融资困境的一个新思路,当前比较可行的农村金融联结模式为基于“产业合作+信用合作”基础上的互联性交易联结。这类金融联结借助与借款人日常生活和生产的紧密接触,便于实施横向监督;银行通过农产品生产和销售中的交易信息、联结资金流的控制实现对乡村中介的低成本监督,解决信息不对称带来的逆向选择、恶意赖帐等问题;借助产业化项目的实施增加农户的期望收益,并以此为基础进行抵押担保机制的创新,实现抵押替代;以见物不见钱的方式保障信贷资金专款专用,以团体贷款的模式增加了农户的可保证收入,解决了农户信贷的非生产性及特质性成本问题。(2)互联性交易金融联结模式的形成与以下因素密切相关:农业生产项目的盈利性、乡村中介的经营规模、农产品的异质性、专用性资产的投入、乡村中介与农户的合作关系、政府的扶持力度。农业生产项目的盈利性越强、乡村中介的经营规模越大、农产品的异质性越高、双方专用性资产投入越多、乡村中介与农户的合作程度越高、政府的扶持力度越大,越有利于形成金融联结。(3)当前我国农村金融联结主要有针对农业经济发达地区和农业经济欠发达地区的两大类联结模式。农业经济发达地区的联结主要围绕农业供应链相关主体,将其纳入金融联结,以市场和政府的力量推动金融联结的形成;农业经济欠发达地区的联结以政府力量为主导推动金融联结的形成。两类联结模式都依托农业生产项目,注重农户还款能力的提升,尤其是针对贫困农户的金融联结,农户能力的提升推动贫困农户自我发展能力的转化,并保障稀缺的信贷资金传递到贫困农户,深入到扶贫体制的核心问题。(4)提高农户的金融联结行为与联结效果要充分考虑农户的个人特征与家庭特征,并提高农户对联结中介组织服务功能的认可度。因为对以专业合作社为联结中介的联结模式的实证研究表明:农户的年龄和教育程度与联结行为正相关;农户对正规金融机构的评价与农户联结行为呈反向关系;农户的种植面积、农业收入占比、社会资本以及对专业合作社的评价与联结行为及联结效果均呈明显的正相关关系;农户对专业合作社服务功能的认可则是金融联结成功的关键所在。(5)互联性交易联结可有效降低农业信贷风险。具体表现为:以产业化发展并引入保险机制降低农业产业特有的生产风险和市场风险;以对农户、核心联结组织的授信准入、信用捆绑等授信管理机制实现贷前的有效甄别;以真实交易、抵押创新机制及利益保障机制形成良好的负债履约机制;以联结资金流的控制、物权质押风险控制、强化信息平台建设等方面有效降低银行的操作风险,实现有效的贷前和贷后管理。(6)农村金融联结模式的根本保障是政府发挥主导作用。农业产业化发展到一定的新阶段,农业特有的风险和盈利问题愈加明显,依托农业产业化发展的农村金融联结,单靠政府或农户难以应对,从农业的弱质性和政府职能出发,一方面政府应在政策支持、制度建设方面为金融联结建立良好的外部环境;另一方面加强必要的财政投入奠定农业信贷资金风险管理的物质基础,将财政资金以利息补贴、担保补贴、保费补贴等形式注入金融联结,与农户、金融机构共同承担金融联结的各类风险。
[Abstract]:Rural financing is widespread in China's rural areas, an important reason for restricting the development of rural economy in China. The causes of rural financing mainly has the following several aspects: one is the individual farmers financing amount is small, the residence scattered, agricultural natural risk formation characteristics of the cost and risk of adverse selection is two; induced by information asymmetry, moral hazard and limited execution cost, resulting in the rural credit market failure; three is due to the defects of property rights, the legal system is not perfect and other factors, farmers lack of bank acceptable collateral, no method to solve the problem of rural credit market failure by providing effective collateral; four is the rural financial market lending to non production mainly, and commercial banks in the rural financial market production based lending contrary. With information constraints and the collateral constraint is the main reason, is to break the farmers financing The key management problem. Therefore, in the information constraints and collateral constraints, how to use innovative credit transaction model, the opportunism behavior establish feasible credit management and debt fulfillment mechanism to prevent farmers, thereby reducing the rural financial market, credit risk is the key point in solving the financing problems of the farmers. From the successful experience of foreign countries and some domestic practice, the financial linkage is an effective way to solve the above problems, the strategic cooperation between the financial linkage through formal financial institutions and non formal financial institutions to expand the financial services in rural areas, this paper mainly studies the Internet transaction based financial linkage mode. In this mode of informal finance mechanism for the localization of organizations and farmers often deal with the localization, organization in a certain way to the financial needs of farmers scale, The organization, financial institutions and farmers reduce the high cost of production; the use of local organizations in the local agricultural products have specific information and transaction information, sales, effectively solve the problem of asymmetric information of farmers; Internet security funds into financial linkage in the area of agricultural production at the same time, mortgage guarantee mechanism innovation according to the agricultural production project. The main credit link bundling, enhance the farmers to expand credit, credit services to farmers. Based on the researches of domestic and abroad and summarizes the existing financial related practice, theory and practice from the point of view of the financial link key problems to solve the financing problems of farmers: (1) in theory hand, credit mechanism and financial linkages is formed? How to alleviate the problem of asymmetric information financial linkage of rural financial market financial link? Whether the farmers are lack of effective collateral to alleviate the problem? The financial linkage can break the traditional credit model, and then expand the credit services to farmers? (2) in practice, what are the feasible mode of rural financial linkage mechanism? How to run a specific application? How is the effect? In the legal system and the credit system is not perfect, how to carry out the implementation mechanism is arranged in order to effectively control the credit risk? To solve the above problems, the mechanism of financial linkages, financial linkage model, the stability of the financial pattern of a deep analysis theory, establishes a theoretical analysis framework, participation of China rural financial linkage based on financial linkage effect, financial linkage the risk analysis, finally draws the following conclusions: (1) the rural financial linkage under the premise of ensuring the financial sustainability of formal financial institutions, provide the solutions for agricultural A new idea of village financing difficulties, the feasible rural financial linkage mode based on "industrial cooperation + credit cooperation" on the basis of the Internet connection. This kind of financial transactions by means of connection in close contact with the borrower's daily life and production, to facilitate the implementation of lateral supervision; bank transaction information through the production and sale of agricultural products the connection control flow of funds to implement low cost supervision of rural intermediary, solve the adverse selection caused by asymmetric information, malicious bilk issues; to increase the farmers' income is expected through the implementation of industrial projects, innovation as the basis for the mortgage guarantee mechanism, the realization of the mortgage replacement; to see things not see special way credit guarantee funds, the group lending model increases the farmers' income can be guaranteed, solve the non productive trait and cost of rural credit (2) each other. The formation of financial transaction pattern are closely related to the following factors: the profitability of the project of agricultural production, rural intermediary business scale, heterogeneity of agricultural products, specific asset investment, rural intermediary and farmers cooperative relations, the government's support. The profitability of agricultural production projects more strong, rural intermediary business the larger scale, heterogeneity of agricultural products is higher, the specific asset investment more, the higher the level of cooperation of rural intermediary and peasant households, the government's efforts to support the larger, more conducive to the formation of financial bond. (3) the current China's rural financial linkage is mainly for the two kinds of pattern of agriculture in developed regions and the agricultural economic development in underdeveloped areas. Connection of agriculture in developed regions is mainly based on agriculture supply chain related subjects, will be incorporated into the financial linkage, with the power of market and government to promote the formation of financial links; The agricultural economy owes the developed area connected to government dominated financial linkage to promote the formation of the two connection modes are based on agricultural production projects, focusing on farmers'reimbursement ability, especially for poor farmers financial linkage, enhance the ability to promote the transformation of farmers in poor farmers self developing ability, and scarce credit guarantee transfer to poor farmers, further to the core problem of poverty alleviation system. (4) improve financial action in connection with the farmers to fully consider the coupling effects of personal characteristics and family characteristics of farmers, and improve the recognition of Peasant Intermediary Organization service node. Because the empirical study on the antithetical couplet on coupling mode professional cooperatives as intermediary between the was the farmer's age and education level and connection behavior; there is an inverse relationship between farmers and farmers' evaluation of formal financial institutions linking behavior of farmers; The planting area of agriculture, the proportion of income, social capital and the evaluation of professional cooperatives and joint behavior and coupling effects were significant positive correlation; farmer service for professional cooperatives function recognition is the key link of financial success. (5) Internet connection transaction can effectively reduce the agricultural credit risk. The specific performance for the introduction of the insurance mechanism to reduce agricultural industrialization and the development of industry specific production risk and market risk; to farmers credit access core of the connective tissue, such as credit management credit tied mechanism to achieve effective screening before loan; deal with real mortgage guarantee mechanism, innovation mechanism and interests to form a good debt fulfillment mechanism; to control the connection of the cash flow right pledge risk control, strengthen the construction of information platform, effectively reduce the operational risk of banks, to achieve effective pre loan and post loan management. (6) The fundamental guarantee for the rural financial linkage model is the government to play a leading role. The development of agricultural industrialization to a certain stage, more risk and profit of agricultural special obvious, relying on the development of agricultural industrialization in the rural financial linkage, rely on the government or farmers difficult to deal with, starting from the weakness of agriculture and the functions of the government, on the one hand the government in the policy support system construction, establish a good external environment for financial linkage; on the other hand, to strengthen the foundation of agricultural credit risk management of the financial investment needed, the financial funds to guarantee interest subsidies, subsidies, subsidies and other forms of premium into the financial bond, and farmers, all kinds of financial institutions to bear the financial risk connection.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832.35
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本文编号：1376940