小额信贷业的市场特征分析及发展对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 21:07

本文关键词：小额信贷业的市场特征分析及发展对策研究　出处：《浙江大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金融领域一直存在着二元结构,即贷款资金总是流向较为富裕的人群,大中型企业。而作为人群中的大多数,穷人、农户和微小企业却一直被排斥在外。原因是多样的,如资本的逐利性,贷款给农户、穷人和小型企业风险高,成本高,收益低。而且他们往往也没有可以抵押的高价值物品,也无可靠的资信体系。而发源于孟加拉国,由尤诺斯教授一手创立的格莱明乡村银行,采用小额信贷方式贷款扶贫却给我们带来了新的启发。小额信贷,采用完全不同于普通贷款的方式给予原先被金融市场排除在外群体贷款,并且采用特殊的制度安排和风险管理技术,保障了很高的还款率。小额信贷一般凭借信用向低收入人群提供额度较小、利率较高的贷款。过去扶贫完全依靠政府提供低息贷款的方式,但实践证明往往以失败告终。而小额信贷采用鼓励穷人、农户依靠自己的力量摆脱贫困,充分调动了他们的积极性。随着小额信贷的发展,小额信贷的意义不仅仅是扶持贫困,而开始服务更多的低收入人群和微小企业,成为构建普惠制金融体系的重要组成部分。作为实现社会公平的重要金融创新,小额信贷在中国也得到了重视和发展,但我国刚刚起步还是存在许多的问题,需要研究后加以改善。本文首先对国内外的研究理论进行了梳理,之后介绍了国外的发展情况,之后转向国内的发展情况和出现的问题。通过对小额信贷市场的特征分析,做出了针对性的发展对策。本人衷心希望能促进小额信贷在中国的健康发展,对实现金融公平,社会和谐增添正能量。
[Abstract]:There has always been a dual structure in the financial sector, that is, loans always flow to the more affluent people, large and medium-sized enterprises, and as the majority of the population, the poor. Farmers and microenterprises have been excluded for a variety of reasons, such as the profit-driven nature of capital, lending to farmers, high risk and high costs for the poor and small enterprises. Returns are low. And they often don't have high-value goods that can be mortgaged and have no reliable credit system. Originating in Bangladesh, Grameen Rural Bank, founded by Professor Yunus, uses microcredit to help the poor, but it gives us new inspiration. Lending to previously excluded groups in financial markets was granted in a completely different way from ordinary loans, with special institutional arrangements and risk management techniques. Microcredit generally provides a small amount of credit to low-income people with higher interest rates. In the past poverty alleviation relied entirely on the government to provide low-interest loans. However, the practice has proved that it often ends in failure. Microfinance encourages the poor, farmers rely on their own strength to extricate themselves from poverty, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm. With the development of microcredit. The significance of microcredit is not only to support poverty, but also to start serving more low-income people and small and medium-sized enterprises, which has become an important part of the construction of GSP financial system and an important financial innovation to realize social equity. Microfinance has also been paid attention to and developed in China, but there are still many problems in the beginning of our country, which need to be improved after study. This paper first combs the domestic and foreign research theories, then introduces the development of foreign countries, then turns to the domestic development and problems. Through the analysis of the characteristics of microfinance market. I sincerely hope to promote the healthy development of microfinance in China, to achieve financial equity, social harmony to add positive energy.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4

【参考文献】