小微企业信用担保机制创新研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 08:31

本文关键词：小微企业信用担保机制创新研究　出处：《上海社会科学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小微企业在我国经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位和作用,但融资难问题却始终是解不开的死结,严重制约小微企业的发展。究其关键,小微企业很难满足银行对贷款保证要求,且银行缺乏服务小微企业的动力。如何帮助小微企业获得经营发展所需资金是摆在我国政府面前的难题。从世界范围看,建立小微企业信用担保体系是支持小微企业融资的重要途径,本文试图从信用担保的角度出发,探索出一条解决小微企业融资难的创新路径。本文以小微企业和信用担保为研究起点。首先,对风险转嫁理论、信贷配给理论和博弈论进行剖析,构筑理论模型,得出信用担保机构的存在能够在一定程度上缓解信息不对称问题；其次,分析我国小微企业融资现状,探讨小微企业融资难的症结所在。本文认为小微企业通常很难提供充分的贷款保证,来满足银行贷款条件；此外银行对小微企业零售贷款的单位成本高,缺乏拓展小微企业贷款的动力也是融资难的直接成因；而我国信用体系等外部机制缺失,难以提供有效支持,是影响小微企业融资问题的深层原因。第三,通过总结日本、韩国、美国等发达国家信用担保机制的发展经验,进行横向的国际经验比较,本文得出结论认为重视法制建设、政府扶持和银担关系的稳定发展是保证信用担保体系更好的服务小微企业的必要因素。第四,通过分析我国信用担保体系现状和对比三类担保模式,归纳出我国现阶段信用担保制度对于支持小微企业发展中的不足之处：“银担”合作地位不等,缺乏风险分担机制,导致担保机构难以发展壮大；担保机构自身风险控制能力不足,使得担保行业在自身难保的情况下,更无动力服务小微企业。结合以上对比分析,提出我国小微企业信用担保机制创新路径,即建立省级小微金融担保平台,构建政府、企业、银行和平台四方制衡、共赢的运作机制。本文认为金融担保平台得以运作的必要条件是构建小微企业信用评级指标体系和完善风险补偿机制,并对此提出初步构想,为信用担保促进小微企业发展的实践层面提出可操作建议。希望本文所归纳的小微企业信用担保融资现状能够为社会各界所了解,对省级小微金融担保平台的设想能够为解决小微企业融资问题提供思路,从而真正解决小微企业融资难问题,推动国民经济和社会健康发展。
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises play an important role in the economic development of our country, but the problem of financing is always an inextricable knot, which seriously restricts the development of small and micro enterprises. It is difficult for small and micro businesses to meet bank loan guarantee requirements. And banks lack the motivation to serve small and micro enterprises. How to help small and micro enterprises to obtain the necessary funds for business development is a difficult problem in front of our government. Establishing the credit guarantee system of small and micro enterprises is an important way to support the financing of small and micro enterprises. This paper attempts to explore an innovative way to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises from the perspective of credit guarantee. In this paper, small and micro enterprises and credit guarantee as the starting point. First of all, the risk transfer theory, credit rationing theory and game theory are analyzed to build a theoretical model. It is concluded that the existence of credit guarantee institutions can alleviate the problem of information asymmetry to some extent. Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of financing of small and micro enterprises in China, and discusses the crux of financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. This paper holds that it is very difficult for small and micro enterprises to provide sufficient loan guarantee to meet the loan conditions of banks. In addition, the unit cost of retail loans to small and micro enterprises by banks is high, and the lack of motivation to expand the loans of small and micro enterprises is also the direct cause of financing difficulties. However, the lack of external mechanisms such as credit system in China, which is difficult to provide effective support, is the deep reason that affects the financing problem of small and micro enterprises. Third, through summing up Japan and Korea. The development experience of credit guarantee mechanism in developed countries, such as the United States, and the horizontal comparison of international experience, this paper concludes that the importance of legal construction. Government support and the stable development of the relationship between the bank and the bank are the necessary factors to ensure the better service of the credit guarantee system. 4th, through the analysis of the current situation of the credit guarantee system in China and the comparison of three kinds of guarantee modes. The shortcomings of the credit guarantee system in supporting the development of small and micro enterprises are summarized: the cooperation status of "Yintan" varies, and the lack of risk-sharing mechanism leads to the difficulty of the development and expansion of the guarantee institutions; The guarantee organization's own risk control ability is insufficient, which makes the guarantee industry have no power to serve the small and micro enterprises under the circumstance of its own difficulty. Combined with the above comparative analysis, this paper puts forward the innovative path of the credit guarantee mechanism of our country's small and micro enterprises. That is, to establish provincial micro-finance guarantee platform, build government, enterprises, banks and platform four-party checks and balances, win-win operation mechanism. This paper holds that the necessary condition for the operation of the financial guarantee platform is to construct the credit rating index system of small and micro enterprises and to perfect the risk compensation mechanism. Put forward operational suggestions for credit guarantee to promote the development of small and micro enterprises. I hope that the current situation of credit guarantee financing of small and micro enterprises summarized in this paper can be understood by all walks of life, and the assumption of provincial micro and micro finance guarantee platform can provide ideas for solving the financing problem of small and micro enterprises. In order to really solve the financing problem of small and micro-enterprises, promote the healthy development of national economy and society.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4;F276.3

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