FDI对中国汽车产业技术进步的影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 20:59

本文关键词： 外商直接投资（FDI）整车制造业配件工业技术溢出自主创新　出处：《江南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国自改革开放以来吸引了大量外国直接投资(FDI)，除了为弥补国内资金缺口，更看重的是其对我国技术进步的影响。汽车业是国民经济重要的支柱产业，产业链长、关联度高，也是吸收FDI量较大的产业。但是，关于市场换技术‖收效甚微、跨国公司挤占了本土企业生存空间的质疑不断，外资技术溢出效应的多寡倍受各方关注。在此背景下重新审视引进FDI的利和弊，分析FDI对我国汽车业的技术进步的影响具有重要的现实意义。本文首先对我国汽车业FDI的发展情况进行了分析，，包括其在华直接投资的历程、现状和特点，以及引进FDI对我国汽车产业发展的影响。作者实证分析了FDI对整个汽车业的直接效应，利用1998-2012年的数据对我国整车和汽车配件行业的技术溢出效应进行实证比较，同时通过计量模型检验FDI对汽车产业自主创新能力的作用，结论表明，整车行业获得的技术溢出效应主要来自行业内的外资的技术溢出，配件行业则获得来自行业间和行业内的外资的技术溢出，且整车行业利用外资对配件行业产生的技术溢出大于配件行业其自身的FDI行业内溢出效应。本文发现，FDI促进了汽车产业整体自主创新能力的提高，有利于代表核心技术创新成果的发明专利产出，但是对实用新型和外观设计产生了挤出作用。本文试图从多角度分析整车行业和配件行业外资溢出效果不同的原因。整车制造业较大的内外资技术差距、较强的吸收能力，以及行业投资方式的要求，都有利于其获得较大的行业内技术溢出效应。由于行业间上下游关联度、吸收意愿、竞争程度、技术先进度等因素，配件行业吸收到来自整车制造业FDI的行业间技术溢出，但整车行业没有获得来自配件工业FDI的行业间溢出。外资科技活动积极，专利产出结构、质量等方面具有优势，有利于提升汽车产业的自主创新能力，尤其对核心技术创新具有促进作用。本文剖析了我国汽车业利用外资存在的问题，并针对影响FDI作用于我国汽车业技术进步的因素，从政府和企业两个角度给出相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has attracted a large number of foreign direct investment (FDI). In addition to making up for the domestic capital gap, China attaches more importance to its impact on the technological progress of our country. The automobile industry is an important pillar industry of the national economy, with a long industrial chain and a high degree of relevance. It is also an industry that absorbs a large amount of FDI. However, the market exchange technology has had little effect, and multinational corporations have been constantly questioning whether they have taken up the survival space of local enterprises. The amount of technology spillover effect of foreign capital has attracted much attention. Under this background, it is of great practical significance to re-examine the advantages and disadvantages of introducing FDI and to analyze the impact of FDI on the technological progress of China's auto industry. This paper first analyzes the development of China's auto industry FDI, including the history, current situation and characteristics of its direct investment in China. The author empirically analyzes the direct effect of FDI on the whole automobile industry, and compares the technology spillover effect of China's automobile and auto parts industry with the data from 1998 to 2012. At the same time, the effect of FDI on the independent innovation ability of automobile industry is tested by econometric model. The conclusion shows that the technology spillover effect obtained by the whole automobile industry mainly comes from the technology spillover of foreign capital in the whole industry. The accessories industry, on the other hand, obtains technology spillovers from foreign investment both within and between industries, Moreover, the technology spillover effect of foreign investment in auto industry is greater than that in FDI industry. This paper finds that FDI promotes the improvement of independent innovation ability of automobile industry as a whole. It is beneficial to the patent output representing the core technological innovation, but it has the function of squeezing out the utility model and exterior design. This paper attempts to analyze the reasons for the different spillover effects of foreign investment in the whole automobile industry and the accessories industry from various angles, the large gap between domestic and foreign capital technology in the automobile manufacturing industry, the strong absorptive capacity, as well as the requirements of the investment mode of the industry. Because of the related degree of upstream and downstream, the willingness to absorb, the degree of competition, the advanced degree of technology and so on, the accessories industry absorbs the inter-industry technology spillover from FDI in the whole automobile manufacturing industry. But the whole automobile industry has not obtained the inter-industry spillover from the accessories industry FDI. Foreign investment in science and technology activities, patent output structure, quality and other aspects have advantages, which is conducive to the promotion of the automotive industry's independent innovation ability. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the utilization of foreign capital in China's automobile industry, and aims at the factors that affect the technological progress of China's automobile industry by FDI. From the government and the enterprise two angles to give the corresponding policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.6;F273.1;F426.471

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