我国新农村住宅建设投融资模式及保障机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 04:29

本文选题：新农村　切入点：住宅投融资　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：党的十七大报告指出：“统筹城乡发展,推进社会主义新农村建设,解决好农业、农村、农民问题,事关全面建设小康社会大局,必须始终作为党和政府各项工作的重中之重”。一个国家农村住宅建设的总体水平在很大程度上反映了这个国家广大农村地区的生产发展状况、农民生活富裕程度、乡风文明及村容村貌,农村住宅的总体建设是我国社会主义新农村建设的重要环节,是落实中央精神的具体体现,而在新农村住宅建设的各项环节中,投融资是极其重要的一环,它直接关系到住宅建设工作能否顺利进行。纵观我国农村住宅建设投融资领域的发展现状,投融资方面仍然存在诸如资金供需矛盾突出、信贷资金严重不足、农户贷款难融资难、融资渠道单一等问题,这些问题严重制约着我国新农村住宅建设工作的顺利开展。而另一方面,我国城市住宅建设金融领域的发展日渐成熟,理论及实践方面都取得了长远的发展,农村住宅建设投融资领域与城市住宅金融领域尚存较大差距。基于上述背景,本文依托国家科技支撑重大项目“农村住宅规划建设技术标准框架研究”(项目编号：2008BAJ08B16),对我国农村住宅建设投融资现状进行了详细研究,总结出我国新农村住宅建设投融资发展的制约因素为：政策金融支持力度不足、商业金融趋利向城市转移、合作金融存在制度缺陷。针对这些制约因素,本文认为农村金融体系创新是解决目前我国新农村住宅建设资金供需矛盾的重要突破口。本文通过运用系统动力学因果回路图及存量流量图模型、聚类分析、模糊综合评价等一系列方法,构建了新农村住宅建设投融资需求的定量预测模型、新农村住宅建设的5种投融资模式、6类投融资保障机制,以及投融资绩效评价模型,并以天津华明镇“宅基地换房”模式为实例进行投融资绩效评价模型的实证检验,并从多个角度对我国新农村住宅建设投融资领域提出了政策建议。论文主要研究结论如下： (1)找出了影响各投融资主体投融资行为的最直接影响因素。主要包括：政策及财政支持力度、地方官员政绩考核指标、住宅建设项目预期、借款人还款能力及还款意愿、资金的机会成本及坏账风险、社会资金进入程度、融资成本及融资难度、建房及购房成本等。 (2)提出了解决我国农村住宅建设投融资问题的关键点。主要包括：改革地方政府业绩考核体系,将住宅建设等民生发展评价指标纳入考核体系；加强财政监管,杜绝寻租现象发生；加快农户信用体系建设；盘活农村土地资源,实现资产的资本化运作；广泛吸引社会资金,探索多元化融资模式。 (3)绘制了投融资需求预测的系统流图,通过计算供需差额判断资金的供需状况。本文运用Vensim PLE软件绘制了投融资需求预测的系统流图,得出供需差额计算公式为(资金需求预测值-实际资金供给),供需差额为正值,说明资金需求未能得到充分满足,存在资金供需矛盾；供需差额为零,或者为负值,说明资金需求得到较好地满足,投融资工作进展顺利。 (4)根据融资主体及融资渠道的不同构建了新农村住宅建设的5种投融资模式。本文认为,我国广大农村地区经济发展水平差异较大,不可能用一种投融资模式解决所有问题,因此本文根据融资主体、融资渠道及资金来源等的不同,构建了资金自筹、地方政府投融资平台、房地产企业主导、土地资源融资、政策金融与合作金融互补等5种投融资模式。 (5)对农村地区进行聚类分析,并对每组地区适合的投融资主导模式进行了适宜性排序。最后结论为：上海一组最适宜资金自筹模式,辽宁一组最适宜地方政府投融资平台模式,四川一组最适宜土地资源融资模式,西藏一组最适宜政策金融与合作金融互补模式。 (6)构建了新农村住宅建设的6类投融资保障机制。本文认为应从财政引导机制、金融创新机制、法律保障机制、农户信用机制、风险共担机制及风险补偿机制等6方面构建新农村住宅建设的投融资保障机制,以保障资金需求方顺利筹集住宅建设所需资金,降低金融机构等资金供给方的投资风险。 (7)从财政扶持、农村金融体系创新等方面提出了10条政策性建议。本文认为,从广义上讲,政府的政策引导也是一种融资方式,它能够起到“四两拨千斤”的作用,引导社会各类资金进入新农村住宅建设领域,因此本文着重从财政扶持、农村金融体系创新、信用环境建设、农村金融法律保障等方面提出了具体的政策性建议。本文主要创新点包括：一是运用系统动力学因果回路图模型对我国新农村住宅建设各主体投融资行为进行了系统分析,为涉及多个主体的投融资决策提供了一种创新性的分析方法；二是选取新建住宅面积等5个指标,运用聚类分析方法对我国农村地区进行了战略分组；三是运用系统动力学存量流量图的思想,构建了新农村住宅建设的投融资需求定量预测模型；四是基于我国社会主义发展现阶段的国情,构建了新农村住宅建设的投融资模式及保障机制；五是基于DHGF综合评价方法,构建了新农村住宅建设的投融资绩效评价模型,并进行了实证检验。
[Abstract]:Report of the Seventeenth Party Congress pointed out: "urban and rural development, promote the construction of new socialist countryside, solve agriculture, rural areas, farmers, related to the overall well-off society, we must always as a priority among priorities" of the party and government work. The overall level of a national rural housing construction reflects the production and development of the the national rural area to a great extent, the prosperity of rural life, rural civilization and the village, the overall rural residential construction is an important link of the construction of the new socialist countryside, is the embodiment of carrying out the central spirit, and in all aspects of the new rural residential construction, investment and financing is very important and it is directly related to the residential construction work can be carried out smoothly.
The current situation of the development of the investment field in the rural housing construction in terms of investment and financing, there are still such as credit capital supply and demand contradiction, a serious shortage of funds, loans to farmers financing problems, single financing channel, these problems restrict the work of the new rural residential construction in our country smoothly. On the other hand, the development of financial the field of city residential construction in China is gradually mature, the theory and practice have made the long-term development, financing and city housing finance field there is still a big gap between investment and rural residential construction.
Based on the above background, this paper relies on the national science and technology major projects "rural residential planning and construction technology standard research framework" (project number: 2008BAJ08B16), the status of investment and financing of rural housing construction in China were studied in detail, summed up the factors restricting the development of investment and financing of new rural residential construction in China: policy financial support is insufficient. Commercial financial profit transfer to the city, the cooperative financial system defect existed. According to these factors, this paper argues that the innovation of rural financial system is a major breakthrough in solving the contradiction between supply and demand of funds in China's new rural residential construction at present.
Clustering analysis through the use of system dynamics causal loop diagram and stock flow diagram model, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and a series of methods, construct the quantitative prediction model of investment and financing needs of the new rural housing construction, 5 kinds of new financing model of rural residential construction, 6 types of investment and financing mechanism, and investment and financing performance evaluation model and in Tianjin, Huaming town homestead wards model for empirical test examples of financing performance evaluation model, and from the point of view of our new rural residential construction investment to put forward policy suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) to find out the factors most directly affect the investment and financing of investment and financing behavior. Mainly includes: the policy and financial support, local officials performance evaluation indicators, residential construction project is expected, the borrower's repayment ability and willingness to repay, the opportunity cost of capital and the risk of bad debts, social capital into the degree of financing cost and financing difficulty the building, and the purchase cost.
(2) put forward the key points to solve the financing of rural residential construction in our country. Mainly including: the reform of local government performance evaluation system, the evaluation index of the development of people's livelihood residential construction into the evaluation system; strengthen financial supervision, to eliminate the phenomenon of rent-seeking; speeding up the system construction of farmers; revitalize rural land resources, realize capitalization the operation of assets; widely to attract social funds, explore diversified financing mode.
(3) draw the system investment and financing demand forecast of the flow chart, through the supply and demand balance of supply and demand of funds. The judgment calculation by using Vensim PLE software to draw the system of investment and financing demand forecast of the flow chart, the calculation formula for the difference between supply and demand (money demand forecast value - the actual supply of funds), the difference between supply and demand is positive, that money not fully meet the demand, there is contradiction between supply and demand of funds; the difference between supply and demand is zero or negative, indicating that capital requirements are better satisfied in financing work smoothly.
(4) according to the different financing channels and financing of the main building 5 new financing model of rural residential construction. This paper argues that the difference of economic development level of China's vast rural areas is large, can not solve all the problems in an investment and financing mode, so according to the main body of financing, financing channels and sources of funding. Different construction funds raised, the local government investment and financing platform, real estate enterprises, land finance, policy finance and cooperative finance complementary 5 financing mode.
(5) cluster analysis was carried out in rural areas, and in each area for investment and financing of the dominant mode of the suitability of the sort. Finally the conclusion is: Shanghai, a group of the most suitable self financing mode of Liaoning, a group of the most suitable for the local government investment and financing platform model of Sichuan, a group of the most suitable land resources and financing mode, a group of Tibet the most suitable policy finance and cooperative finance complementary mode.
(6) construction of 6 new rural residential construction investment and financing mechanism. This paper suggested that the finance guide mechanism, financial innovation mechanism, legal safeguard mechanism, farmers credit mechanism, 6 aspects of risk sharing mechanism and risk compensation mechanism, construction of new rural residential construction investment and financing mechanism, in order to ensure the funding needs smoothly to raise funds for housing construction, reduce financial institutions such as the money supply side investment risk.
(7) from the financial support, puts forward 10 policy suggestions of rural financial system innovation. This paper argues that, broadly speaking, the government's policy guidance is a kind of financing way, it can play "42 pounds" role, and guide various types of capital into the new rural social housing construction. This paper focuses on the financial support, the innovation of rural financial system, credit environment construction, puts forward concrete policy suggestions of rural financial legal protection.
In this paper, the main innovations include: first, using the system dynamics causal loop diagram model for the main body of the new rural residential construction of China's investment and financing behavior systematically, provides an analysis method for innovative financing decisions involving multiple subjects; two is the 5 index selection of new residential area, the use of cluster analysis method of the strategic group on China's rural areas; three is the use of system dynamics stock flow diagram theory, construct the prediction model of the investment demand of quantitative new rural residential construction; the four is China's socialist development stage based on the situation of construction, investment and financing mode and guarantee mechanism of the new rural residential construction; five is based on DHGF comprehensive evaluation method, establishes the evaluation model of investment and financing performance of new rural residential construction, and an empirical test.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F301.3;F302.6;F832.4

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