农村改革背景下小额信贷发展与创新研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 00:31

本文选题：小额信贷　切入点：农村改革　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2014年1月19日,中共中央、国务院印发了《关于全面深化农村改革加快推进农业现代化的若干意见》,这是自2004年以来中央一号文件连续11年“聚焦”三农,一号文件是对十八届三中全会关于深化农村改革、推动城乡一体化发展战略的具体部署和落实。文件以全面深化农村改革为主线,以加快推进农业现代化为目标,着重从国家粮食安全、农业支持保护、农村土地改革、构建新型农业经营体系、农村金融创新等方面,对未来一段时期全面深化农村改革进行了部署。农村的改革发展离不开金融的支持,小额信贷作为重要的金融创新,对于帮助农民脱贫致富发挥了重要作用。然而小额信贷的发展对于农村经济增长的影响如何?农村深化改革会给农村经济社会的发展产生怎样的影响?会对小额信贷产生什么影响?在农村深化改革的背景下小额信贷应该如何创新? 带着以上疑问,本研究首先回顾了该领域的国内外研究理论,并对小额信贷的可持续发展进行了实证分析；随后介绍了我国小额信贷的发展背景及经历的发展阶段,并分别介绍了农村信用社、邮政储蓄银行、农业银行、国开行、包商银行、哈尔滨银行及P2P网贷等机构组织的小额信贷业务的现状及特点。本次农村深化改革创造性的提出土地承包经营权的三权分立以及农村产权可用于抵押、入股、流转,将改变农村土地资源配置方式和农业产业发展方式,并将引起农村社会关系重构；农村社会经济的变化必然会对小额信贷的发展产生影响。然后,借鉴相关领域的研究方法,以农业贷款作为农村小额信贷的代理变量,以第一产业国内生产总值作为农村生产总值的代理变量,对1983年以来的数据进行整理和汇总,并运用Eviews软件对小额信贷对农村经济增长的影响进行回归分析,研究表明小额信贷的发展能够促进农村经济增长,特别是近年来小额信贷的发展对农村经济增长的拉动作用显著增强。最后,分别对政府和小额信贷机构提出参考性的建议：对政府而言,建议尽快确定农村产权抵押的法律地位,推进土地产权流转体系建设,建立小额信贷的风险缓释补偿机制及给予适当的财税补贴政策,来解决农民缺少抵押物和信贷机构惜贷的“困境”；对于小额信贷机构而言,创新有关小额信贷的政策制度、服务产品、担保方式及服务模式,来适应农村深化改革将带来的机遇和挑战。
[Abstract]:On January 19th 2014, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued "opinions on comprehensively deepening Rural Reform and speeding up Agricultural Modernization." this is the 11th consecutive year since 2004 that the first document of the CPC Central Committee has "focused" on agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The first document is the concrete plan and implementation of the third Plenary session of the 18 Central Committee on deepening rural reform and promoting the development strategy of urban and rural integration. The document takes the overall deepening of rural reform as the main line and the goal of speeding up the promotion of agricultural modernization. Focusing on the aspects of national food security, agricultural support and protection, rural land reform, the construction of a new agricultural management system, rural financial innovation, and so on. The reform and development of rural areas can not be separated from the support of finance. Microfinance is an important financial innovation. It has played an important role in helping farmers get rid of poverty and become rich. However, what is the impact of the development of micro-credit on rural economic growth? What impact will the deepening reform of rural areas have on the development of rural economy and society? What impact will it have on microcredit? Under the background of deepening rural reform, how should micro-credit be innovated? With the above questions, this study first reviews the domestic and foreign research theories in this field, and makes an empirical analysis of the sustainable development of microfinance. Then, it introduces the development background and development stage of microfinance in China. And introduced rural credit cooperatives, postal savings bank, agricultural bank, CDB, contractor bank, The present situation and characteristics of micro-credit business organized by Harbin Bank and P2P network loan organizations. This rural deepening reform creatively puts forward the separation of the three powers of land contractual management right and the rural property right can be used for mortgage, equity, circulation, It will change the way of allocation of rural land resources and the mode of agricultural industry development, and will lead to the reconstruction of rural social relations; the changes of rural social economy will inevitably have an impact on the development of micro-credit. Taking agricultural loan as the proxy variable of rural micro-credit and the gross domestic product of primary industry as the proxy variable of rural gross domestic product, this paper collates and summarizes the data since 1983. Using Eviews software to analyze the impact of microfinance on rural economic growth, the research shows that the development of microfinance can promote rural economic growth. In particular, in recent years, the development of microcredit has significantly enhanced the pull effect on rural economic growth. Finally, the government and microfinance institutions have made reference suggestions: for the government, It is suggested that the legal status of rural property right mortgage should be determined as soon as possible, the construction of land property right circulation system should be promoted, the risk mitigation and compensation mechanism of micro-credit should be established, and appropriate fiscal and tax subsidy policies should be given. To address the "dilemma" of farmers' lack of collateral and the reluctance of credit institutions to lend; for microfinance institutions, innovate the policy system, service products, guarantee methods and service models related to microcredit, To adapt to the rural reform will bring opportunities and challenges.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4

【相似文献】