中小企业融资租赁风险研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 15:25

本文选题：中小企业　切入点：融资租赁　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中小企业的发展随着经济的发达程度越加受到各国学者的关注，其健康发展关系着国家经济的稳定发展，在我国经济中的地位越来越重要。截止2012年底，我国中小企业已发展达5000多万户，占比超过全国企业数量的99%。然而，我国中小企业在发展的同时因各种内部问题及我国经济制度、政治决策等外部因素的制约，限制了自身的发展，其中解决融资难问题是关键。直接融资与间接融资为我国中小企业的主要融资途径。在直接融资方面，中小企业的信息透明度偏低，存在着严重的信息不对称问题，，加上发行与承销的费用偏高，使得中小企业的直接融资的成本过高。在间接融资方面，由于银行等金融机构的专业性，在一定程度上能减少信息不对称，但其审核过于严格以及融资的成本过高，并且我国目前的金融体系，大型银行一般都是占据垄断地位，大型银行的业务特点使得在向中小企业贷款时成本过高，资金的供给特点无法与中小企业的需求特点相匹配，因此，我国中小企业难以得到大型银行的贷款来支持企业的发展。 20世纪80年代融资租赁作为一种新的融资方式引入我国。它的特殊经济性表现为：增加了新的融资途径、融资的规模和方式灵活，同时具有折旧与税收优惠的优势，有利于优化产业以及产业结构得到调整，引进外资以及国外的先进技术设备等方面。进行融资租赁项目申请时，中小企业会受到租赁公司的信用评估时，必须能满足租赁公司的专业第三方机构的信用评估，融资租赁公司为谋求自身的发展也在争取与中小企业有更广泛的合作。本文通过大量的相关文献的综合阐述融资租赁的理论意义与风险，同时也通过具体的公司融资租赁案例剖析了融资租赁在实务中的具体风险及其对策措施，其中采用成本现值法比较了融资租赁与贷款融资的成本优势。目前，一般都是基于常规的思路与做法，而这些方法的本质是提高了中小企业的融资门槛，只能片面的规避租赁公司所面临的风险，不能从真正意义上促成中小企业与租赁公司之间的合作，不能利用融资租赁本身所具有的优势来缓解中小企业的融资问题。融资租赁的风险管理与融资租赁业务均是融资租赁公司的核心内容，租赁公司风险的控制和管理是租赁企业能否稳健发展的重要前提，租赁公司必须加强自身对风险的认识能力及管理意识。
[Abstract]:The development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has attracted more and more attention of scholars from all over the world with the development of economy. Their healthy development relates to the stable development of national economy and plays a more and more important role in the economy of our country. As of end of 2012, The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China has grown to more than 50 million households, accounting for more than 99% of the total number of enterprises in China. However, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is restricted by various internal problems and external factors such as our economic system, political decision-making, etc. Limit oneself development, among them solve financing difficult problem is key. Direct financing and indirect financing are the main ways of financing for SMEs in China. In the aspect of direct financing, the information transparency of SMEs is low, there are serious information asymmetry problems, and the costs of issuing and underwriting are too high. In indirect financing, because of the professional nature of banks and other financial institutions, information asymmetry can be reduced to a certain extent, but its audit is too strict and the cost of financing is too high. And in the current financial system of our country, large banks generally occupy a monopoly position. The characteristics of large banks make the cost of lending to small and medium-sized enterprises too high, and the characteristics of capital supply can not match the demand characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises in China are difficult to get loans from large banks to support the development of enterprises. In 1980s, as a new financing method, financial lease was introduced into China. Its special economic performance is as follows: the new financing way is added, the scale and mode of financing are flexible, at the same time, it has the advantages of depreciation and tax preference. In favor of optimizing the industry and the adjustment of the industrial structure, introducing foreign capital and advanced technology and equipment abroad, etc. When applying for a financial lease project, small and medium-sized enterprises will be assessed by the leasing company's credit. It must be able to satisfy the credit evaluation of the professional third party organization of the leasing company, and the financial leasing company is also striving for more extensive cooperation with the small and medium-sized enterprises for its own development. This paper expounds the theoretical significance and risks of financial leasing through a large number of related documents. At the same time, it also analyzes the specific risks and countermeasures of financial leasing in practice through specific corporate financial leasing cases. The cost present value method is used to compare the cost advantages of financial leasing and loan financing. At present, it is generally based on conventional ideas and practices, and the essence of these methods is to raise the financing threshold for small and medium-sized enterprises. Can only one-sided avoid the risks faced by leasing companies, can not promote the real sense of cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises and leasing companies, The risk management of financial lease and the business of financing lease are the core contents of financial leasing company, which can not take advantage of the advantages of financial lease itself to alleviate the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises. The risk control and management of leasing companies is an important prerequisite for the steady development of leasing enterprises. The leasing companies must strengthen their own understanding of risk and management awareness.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F275;F276.3;F832.49

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