FDI、市场化程度对我国环境污染的影响分析

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:26

本文选题：外商直接投资　切入点：市场化　出处：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展,流入中国的FDI数额逐年增加,FDI在推动我国经济发展方面发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。但与此同时,中国的环境污染问题也日益严重,纵观近些年来FDI的投资领域,无论是投资总产值还是从业人员数目,均表明污染行业尤其是高度污染行业是FDI投资的主要领域,这种外商投资的态势严重威胁着我们赖以生存的生态环境,因此我们必须对FDI对我国生态环境的负面影响进行理论上和实证上的研究分析。本文《FDI、市场化程度对我国环境污染的影响分析》具有重要的现实意义。本文首先对我国改革开放以来的外商直接投资与生态环境的发展状况进行了分析。改革开放以来,外商直接投资对飞速发展的中国经济起到了举足轻重的促进作用。但伴随着FDI给我国带来经济快速增长的同时,我国的生态环境状况也日趋恶化。从整体上看,从1990年开始,外商投资企业的工业产值在全国工业产值的比重持续增加。从行业结构上看,外商直接投资倾向于选择污染排放水平较高的制造业。2000年以来,外商在制造业中的直接投资比重连年攀升,据统计,2008年外商投资在制造业中的金额为498.9亿美元,项目数高达11568个,在全国制造业中占有极高比重。然而正是由于这种过度追求国家严重短缺的资本的行为,带来了生态破坏、环境污染等一系列问题。事实上,从改革开放开始,外商直接投资对环境的影响一直存在,通过对我国外商直接投资水平与工业“三废”排放量的变化进行分析,不难发现,我国实际利用外商投资的规模与工业三废(工业废气、工业废水和固体废弃物)排放量之间存在一定的关系。其中尤其是与工业废气和工业固体废物排放量之间的正相关关系更加明显。进入2000年来,我国实际利用外商投资额迅猛发展,随之而来的是我国工业废气以及固体废物排放量的大幅度增加。这一观察与文章中的实证研究的结论是基本吻合的。其次,文章着重分析了1985-2012年间中国的外商直接投资与工业三废污染状况的发展历程,并运用eviews6.0对我国1985-2012年吸收外商直接投资总额与工业三废的排放总量数进行实证分析方法,本文采用了单位根检验、协整检验和格兰杰因果检验等分析方法。我国FDI与工业固废物之间存在协整关系,并且FDI是工业固体废物排放量的格兰杰原因,因此可以得出FDI确实造成了我国生态环境破坏的结论。再次,在得出FDI是我国工业固体废物排放量的格兰杰原因的基础上本文分析全国30个省市1998-2009年的市场化指数,研究各省的外商直接投资对我国环境污染的影响去发现与各省市的市场化指数之间的关系。文章通过eviews6.0对省际面板数据进行处理,首先进行单位根检验和协整检验,接下来运用回归分析找到了三者之间的内在联系：各省吸收的FDI在一定程度上加剧了环境中的工业固体废物的排放量,但是不同市场化程度对此影响不同。除市场化程度较低的省市(甘肃、宁夏等)以外,各省份的市场化程度对FDI的环境污染起到了一定的抑制作用。最后,基于以上的分析和讨论,在文章的最后提出了具有针对性的对策和建议。就我国目前所处的阶段来看,不仅应当不断吸收有利的外资、充分发挥其在我国经济发展中促进作用的同时,更应重视外资对生态环境的影响。在国家政府层面上,适当对吸收外资战略做出调整,优化FDI投资的产业结构并引导和调整外商直接投资的地域分布,制定与国际接轨的外资环境法规并建立环境税征收机制；从地方政府层面,各地政府不能为了短期利益而盲目引进外资,忽略其可能对环境造成的污染,应加强对外资的监督,严格把控对环境造成污染的外资；并从市场干预、国有经济发展、产品与市场发育程度和提高中介组织发育方面逐步提高各省市场化程度,减少FDI对环境的污染效应。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, the FDI inflow of China amount increased year by year, is playing an increasingly important role of FDI in promoting China's economic development. But at the same time, the problem of environmental pollution China becomes more and more serious. The investment in the field of FDI throughout recent years, whether it is the total investment value or the number of employees, showed that especially high polluting industries polluting industries are the main areas of FDI investment, the foreign investment situation is a serious threat to our environment for survival, so we must carry on theoretical study and Empirical Analysis on the negative impact of FDI on China's ecological environment. In this paper, of environmental pollution our country has important practical significance.
Firstly, the status of ecological environment and foreign direct investment on China's reform and opening up the development are analyzed. Since the reform and opening up, foreign direct investment in the rapid development of the China economy has played a pivotal role. But with the FDI to bring the rapid economic growth of our country at the same time, China's ecological environment is the deteriorating. On the whole, from the beginning of 1990, the proportion of foreign invested enterprises in the industrial production of the national industrial output continued to increase. From the industry structure, foreign direct investment tend to choose higher levels of pollution emissions of manufacturing.2000 years, the proportion of foreign direct investment in manufacturing industry increased year by year, according to statistics in 2008, the amount of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector was $49 billion 890 million, the number of projects up to 11568, occupy a high proportion in the manufacturing industry. However, because of the excessive pursuit For the serious shortage of state capital, has brought a series of problems of ecological damage, environmental pollution and so on. In fact, from the beginning of reform and opening up, there has been the effect of FDI on the environment, through the analysis of the changes of emissions of foreign direct investment in China and the level of industrial "three wastes", it is not difficult to find, scale and industrial wastes in China's actual use of foreign investment (industrial emissions, industrial wastewater and solid waste) there is a certain relationship between the emissions. Especially the positive relationship between industrial waste gas and industrial solid waste emissions is more obvious. In 2000, China's actual use of foreign investment in the rapid development of the is China's industrial waste gas and solid waste emissions increased substantially. Empirical research in this article in the observation and conclusion is basically consistent.
Secondly, this paper focuses on the analysis of the development course of 1985-2012 years Chinese foreign direct investment and industrial waste pollution, and the use of eviews6.0 for the number of total emissions in China 1985-2012 years to absorb foreign direct investment and industrial wastes by empirical analysis, this paper adopts the analysis method of unit root test, cointegration test and Grainger test. There is a cointegration relationship between China's FDI and industrial solid waste, and FDI is the Grainger reason of industrial solid waste emissions, so it can be said that FDI is indeed caused by China's ecological damage to the environment of the conclusion.
Again, in that FDI is the market index based Grainger solid waste disposal industry in China is on the analysis of 30 provinces and cities nationwide for 1998-2009 years, to find the relationship between the market index and the various provinces and cities between the provinces on the impact of foreign direct investment on environmental pollution in China. Based on the inter provincial eviews6.0 the panel data, the first unit root test and cointegration test, then use regression analysis to find the intrinsic link between the three provinces: the absorption of FDI increased emissions of industrial solid waste in the environment to a certain extent, but different degree of market have different effects. Besides the low degree of marketization provinces (Gansu, Ningxia), the degree of marketization of the provinces of FDI environmental pollution has played a certain effect.
Finally, based on the above analysis and discussions, finally puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. In our country at present stage, should not only absorb the beneficial foreign investment, give full play to its role in promoting the economic development in our country, more attention should be paid to foreign influence on the ecological environment. At the national government level, appropriate to adjust the foreign investment strategy, regional distribution and industrial structure optimization of FDI investment guidance and adjustment of foreign direct investment, making foreign environmental regulations and international standards and the establishment of environmental tax system; from the local government level, local governments can not blindly for short-term interests and ignore the introduction of foreign capital, it may cause environmental pollution, should strengthen the supervision of foreign investment, strictly control the environmental pollution caused by foreign investment; and from market intervention, state-owned economy, product and market The degree of development and the improvement of the development of intermediaries gradually increase the degree of marketization of the provinces and reduce the pollution effect of FDI on the environment.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X22;F832.6

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